Công thức sử dụng câu tường thuật , câu lời khuyên
Công thức sử dụng câu tường thuật , câu lời khuyên
Câu tường thuật:
- Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) được dùng khi chúng ta thuật lại chính xác lời nói ban đầu của người nói. Lời nói trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép "...".
e.g.: He asked, "Where do you come from?" (Ông ta hỏi: "Anh từ đâu đến?")
- Lời nói gián tiếp (indirect/ reported speech) dùng để diễn tả lời hay ý nghĩ của người khác bằng ngôn ngữ của chính chúng ta bằng cách sử dụng các động từ tường thuật, thay đổi từ hoặc thì của động từ...
e.g.: Ann said she would go and get me some milk. (Ann nói rằng cô ấy sẽ đi lấy cho tôi một ít sữa.)
- Khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp, ta cần thực hiện một số thay đổi cần thiết như:
+ Thay đổi các đại từ.
+ Thay đổi thời gian, địa điểm và các từ chỉ định.
+ Thay đổi thì của động từ.
1. Thay đổi đại từ:
- Các đại từ trong câu gián tiếp sẽ được thay đổi so với câu trực tiếp.
Xem ví dụ sau:
e.g.: Ms. Lan said to Minh, "You must take your book out and show it to me." (Cô Lan nói với Minh: "Em phải lấy sách ra và cho cô xem.")
Hãy quan sát sự thay đổi của bốn đại từ (được gạch chân) như thế nào tùy vào tình huống cụ thể.
Tình huống 1: Khi một người bạn của Minh tường thuật lại với một người bạn khác.
Ta có câu gián tiếp là:
Ms. Lan said to Minh that he must take his book out and show it to her. (Cô Lan nói với Minh rằng cậu ấy phải lấy sách ra và cho cô ấy xem.)
Tình huống 2: Minh tường thuật với một người bạn khác.
Ta có câu gián tiếp là:
Ms. Lan said to me that I must take my book out and show it to her. (Cô Lan nói với tớ là tớ phải lấy sách ra và cho cô ấy xem.)
Tình huống 3: Cô Lan tường thuật lại với ba mẹ của Minh hay là một ai đó khác.
Ta có câu gián tiếp là:
I said to Minh that he must take his book out and show it to me. (Tôi đã nói với Minh rằng em ấy phải lấy sách ra cho tôi xem.)
Kết Luận:
Như vậy, các đại từ trong câu gián tiếp ở các ví dụ trên đã thay đổi tùy theo từng tình huống khác nhau.
Do đó, người tường thuật cần hiểu rõ các tình huống để dùng các đại từ cho phù hợp.
2. Thay đổi thời gian, địa điểm và các từ chỉ định:
Về mặt lý thuyết, các từ chỉ thời gian, địa điểm và các từ chỉ định trong câu gián tiếp sẽ được thay đổi như sau:
today, tonight -> that day, that night
here, there ->there
now -> then/ at that time/ immediately
yesterday -> the day before/ the previous day
tomorrowthe -> next day/ the following day
this, that -> that
these, those -> those
next (week, month...) -> the following (week, month...), the next (week, month...)
last (week, month…) -> the previous (week, month...), the (week, month...) before
(a week, a month...) ago -> (a week, a month...) before, (a week, a month...) earlier
Tuy nhiên, tùy theo từng tình huống mà sử dụng các từ này cho phù hợp.
e.g.: On Tuesday, I said to Tom, "I will see you tomorrow." (Vào ngày thứ Ba, tôi đã nói với Tom: "Ngày mai tớ sẽ gặp cậu.")
Tình huống 1: Tôi tường thuật với người khác ngay trong ngày thứ Ba.
→ I said to Tom that I will see him tomorrow. (Tôi nói với Tom rằng ngày mai tôi sẽ gặp cậu ấy.)
Tình huống 2: Tôi tường thuật với người khác vào ngày hôm sau (thứ Tư).
→ I said to Tom that I will see him today. (Tôi đã nói với Tom rằng hôm nay tôi sẽ gặp cậu ấy.)
Tình huống 3: Tôi tường thuật với người khác vào ngày thứ Năm và các ngày sau đó.
→ I said to Tom that I would see him the following day. (Tôi đã nói với Tom rằng tôi sẽ gặp cậu ấy vào ngày sau đó.)
3.
Thay đổi thì của động từA - Các trường hợp thay đổi thì
Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask...) ở thì quá khứ thì động từ trong câu gián tiếp lùi về quá khứ một thì.
1. Sự thay đổi được thể hiện như sau:
Present simple -> Past simple
Present continuous -> Past continuous
Present perfec -> tPast perfect
Present perfect continuous -> Past perfect continuous
Past simple -> Past simple/ Past perfect
Simple future -> Future in the past
2. Các biến đổi đối với động từ khuyết thiếu:
will -> would
shall -> should
can -> could
may -> might
must/ have to -> had to
B - Các trường hợp KHÔNG thay đổi thì
1. Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask...) ở thì hiện tại đơn
Động từ trong câu gián tiếp không thay đổi thì.
e.g.: He says, "I don't know the answer to your question." (Anh ta nói: "Tôi không biết câu trả lời cho câu hỏi của anh.")
→ He says to me that he doesn't know the answer to my question. (Anh ta nói với tôi rằng anh ta không biết câu trả lời cho câu hỏi của tôi.)
e.g.: She says, "They have been to the USA twice." (Cô ấy nói: "Họ đã đến Mỹ hai lần.")
→ She tells me that they have been to the USA twice. (Cô ấy nói với tôi rằng họ đã đến Mỹ hai lần.)
2. Khi động từ tường thuật (say, tell, ask...) ở thì quá khứ
Không thay đổi thì trong các trường hợp sau:
TH1: Tường thuật một sự thật hoặc một điều luôn đúng, hoặc vẫn đúng ở thời điểm hiện tại.
e.g.: My teacher said, "Russia is the biggest country in the world." (Cô giáo tôi nói: "Nga là nước lớn nhất trên thế giới.")
→ My teacher said that Russia is the biggest country in the world. (Cô giáo tôi nói rằng Nga là nước lớn nhất trên thế giới.)
TH2: Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp là một trong các động từ khuyết thiếu sau: could, should, would, might, ought to, had to, used to.
e.g.: He said, "They might win the game." (Anh ấy nói: "Có thể họ sẽ thắng.")
→ He said to me that they might win the game. (Anh ấy nói với tôi rằng có thể họ sẽ thắng.)
TH3:
- Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp ở các thì Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous.
e.g.: He said, "I was eating when she called me." (Anh ta nói: "Tôi đang ăn khi cô ấy gọi.")
→ He told me he was eating when she called him. (Anh ta nói với tôi anh ta đang ăn khi cô ấy gọi.)
- Khi động từ trong câu trực tiếp ở thì Simple Past + Thời gian cụ thể.
e.g.: He said, "The tsunami happened in 2004." (Anh ta nói: "Trận sóng thần đó xảy ra năm 2004.")
→ He said to me that the tsunami happened in 2004.
= He said to me that the tsunami had happened in 2004. (Anh ta nói với tôi rằng trận sóng thần đó xảy ra năm 2004.)
TH4:
- Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn (wish)
- Các câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3
- Và cấu trúc: It's (high) time...
e.g.:
He said, "I wish I were younger." (Anh ta nói: "Tôi ước gì tôi trẻ hơn.")
→ He told me he wished he were younger. (Anh ta bảo tôi anh ta ước anh ta trẻ hơn.)
He said, "If I had time, I would help you." (Anh ta nói: "Nếu tôi có thời gian, tôi sẽ giúp cậu.")
→ He said to me if he had time, he would help me. (Anh ấy nói nếu anh ấy có thời gian, anh ấy sẽ giúp tôi.)
He said, "It's time we went." (Anh ta nói: "Đã đến lúc chúng tôi phải đi.")
→ He said it was time they went. (Anh ta nói đã đến lúc họ phải đi.)
- Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa câu không thay đổi
1. I'm a better tennis player than you are .
-> I play..................
2. He made a sudden move
-> He moved...........................
3. He thinks quickly
-> He's...........................
4. She helps eagerly
-> She's......................
5. She replied rudely
-> She gave............................
6. She speaks English fluently
-> She's
7. He's a faster and more careless driver than I am
-> He drivers
- Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa câu không thay đổi
1. I'm a better tennis player than you are .
-> I play tennis better than you.
2. He made a sudden move
-> He moved suddenly.
3. He thinks quickly
-> He's a quick thinker.
4. She helps eagerly
-> She's a eager helper.
5. She replied rudely
-> She gave a rude reply.
6. She speaks English fluently
-> She's a fluent English speaker.
7. He's a faster and more careless driver than I am
-> He drivers faster and more careless than me.
Giúp Với mái kiếm tr ui
viet 1 doan van ngan ve cach hoc tieng anh hieu qua khoang 5 cau
Giúp mik với hepl me
. Lan was praised for her good _____________ in class. (behave)
2. She ___________ showed her parents her report card. (proud)
3. I’m doing a lot of ___________ for tomorrow’s history examination. (revise)
4. The teacher praised him for his active ____________ in every calss discussion. (participate)
5.He didn’t give for the reason for his ___________ from work. (absent)
6. This form needs the ______________ of your teacher. (sign)
7. The purpose of the meeting is to improve the _____________ between parents and the school . (cooperate)
8. Unfortunately, there was no _______________ in his work at school. (improve)
9. The purpose for the meeting is to improve the ____________between parents and the school . (co-operate)
10.
1. Lan was praised for her good _______behaviour______ in class. (behave)
2. She ______proudly_____ showed her parents her report card. (proud)
3. I’m doing a lot of _____revisions______ for tomorrow’s history examination. (revise)
4. The teacher praised him for his active ______participation______ in every calss discussion. (participate)
5.He didn’t give for the reason for his _____absence______ from work. (absent)
6. This form needs the _______signal_______ of your teacher. (sign)
7. The purpose of the meeting is to improve the ______cooperation_______ between parents and the school . (cooperate)
8. Unfortunately, there was no ________improvement_______ in his work at school. (improve)
9. The purpose for the meeting is to improve the ______cooperation______between parents and the school . (co-operate)
She/ be/ 15/ next Sunday
She/ be/ 15/ next Sunday
-> She will be 15 next Sunday.
Give the correct form of the words given in each bracket to compelete the following sentences then write your answers in the boxes given . 1 .Life is more ............ now (comfort)
2 .There are many cultural ... ........ bettween his country and mine (differ)
3.It is..............to eat much sugar and fat ( health)
1. Life is more . . . . . . . ………………comfortable………..………… ………… . . now. (comfort)
2. There are many cultural…………differences……..…..between his country and mine. (differ)
3. It is . . . . ……………unhealthy…. . . …………………… to eat much sugar and fat. (health)
For a long time, the song "Lang Quan Ho Que Toi", the music of Nguyen Trong Tao, the adaptation of Nguyen Phan Hach's poetry, has become familiar to the public in the South and North. To the people of Bac Ninh, this song is more and more familiar, since the Provincial Radio and Television Station chose to act as its music. This famous song, was born in a very special context. Poet and musician Nguyen Trong Tao recounts this magical story. That was in 1978, he was still a soldier and was sent to Hanoi by the unit to attend the literary creation camp of the Ministry of Defense. One day, he visited the New Works Publishing House (now the Writers' Association) and met the poet Nguyen Phan Hach there. Nguyen Phan Hach, originally from Bac Ninh, is working as an editor at the publisher. Knowing that Nguyen Trong Tao was a talented poet and a musician with many successful songs, Nguyen Phan Hach immediately took out a paper to copy a poem about his homeland of Quan they, and asked poet Nguyen Trong Tao to help him with his music. Poems written on students' paper with words floating feelings. Nguyen Phan Hach said, "You can help me with this poem, it will become a good song". In the afternoon, you wrote, Nguyen Trong Tao hummed warmly, folded the paper of writing poetry and put it in his pocket and left. Working at the composing camp was busy, the quartet had just popped up, the poems were unfinished, Nguyen Trong Tao forgot all the poems that Kinh Bac poetic friend asked to help him. One afternoon, Nguyen Trong Tao took his clothes to the washing water well. When he poured his clothes over, he discovered that there was still a poem in his pocket that Nguyen Phan Hach had sent the meal before, and the water had blurred a couple of words. He read it smartly. Emotions and poetic words haunt him. Leaving the pile of unfinished laundry by the well, he ran back to his room and hastily wrote the notes of music in rushing excitement. While writing musical notes on the hand-lined staff, Nguyen Trong Tao embraced the guitar. Occasionally, he used his hand to knock on the table surface as if in rhythm. Being engrossed in writing music, Nguyen Trong Tao forgot about his dinner time. Poet Nguyen Hoa, a close friend, invited him to go down to the collective kitchen for dinner. Nguyen Trong Tao was still delirious in his creative emotions. He still passionately wrote music, then instrument, then tapped his hands on the table and sang. Knowing that you are wandering through an endless stream of emotions, Nguyen Hoa comes down to the kitchen to eat and take home a portion of rice for you. That was also the time when Nguyen Trong Tao let go of his pen, just finished writing the last note of the song. Nguyen Trong Tao sang to you the song that he just sublimated and composed. "Làng quan họ quê tôi, tháng giêng mùa hát hội… con sông Cầu làm bao xanh, ngang lưng làng quan họ xanh xanh". Nguyen Trong Create tears of joy and emotion. The composing of a new song has not been staged yet, then Nguyen Trong Tao has been sent back to accept a new assignment. One session on the way to march, he suddenly heard the music broadcast of the Voice of Vietnam and saw his song "Lang Quan Ho Que Toi" performed by singer Thanh Hoa and top female performers. Again, unexpected joy, he could not hold back tears of joy. Before long, the song was repeatedly played and replayed on the Radio Voice of Vietnam, and then filmed and broadcast on Vietnam Television. Many singers choose this song as their own song. Many awards for this song through festivals. The song's pervasive power is greater than the song writer's expectations. With intonation tones and passionate and passionate lyrics expressing love for the homeland, not only the people of Beijing, but everyone also receives pride and pride in the land they live in. Nguyen Trong Tao is a son of Nghe An land. He was born in 1947. He is the author of dozens of books of poetry, literature, and literary criticism. His excellent poems, such as "Dong Dao Cho Nguoi Lon", "Tho Tren May Chu Va Tan Man Thoi Toi Song" ... He is also a talented musician. In addition to "Lang Quan Ho Que Toi", he also has famous songs such as "Khuc Hat Song Que", "Tinh Ca Bon Mua" ... Nguyen Phan Hach is a son of Bac Ninh, born in 1944, in Mao Dien village. , Thuan Thanh district. He is the author of dozens of books of poems, short stories, novels, such as "Nguoi Quen Cua Em", "Hoa Sua", "Cau Vi Cam Cam Lanh", "Cuong Phong" ... Poetry and stories, are absorbed. the soul of Kinh Bac countryside. The appearance of the song "Quan Quan, My Country," is like a predestined relationship. It is both random and unexpected, both fragile and durable. Since the song "Lang Quan Ho Que Toi" was born, the literary friendship between Nguyen Trong Tao and Nguyen Phan Hach has deepened. They understand that each person's creative sublimation has attached and glorified each other. Their song, will last for the same year.
Write a short paragraph Talk about some helpful activities for the community you are living in. I need as soon as possible. Tks..!
Take a garbage bag while walking through the neighborhood: Pick up any litter along the way. As a by-product, you can get some exercise built into your day.Shop with locally owned businesses, saving time and money: Many locally owned businesses offer services like free gift-wrapping and delivery. And a percentage of your sales taxes go directly to the local community.Find positive aspects of your community share with other people: A positive image encourages residents to shop locally, increases the chance new businesses will open in the area and promotes growth.Attend a local festival or other event: Many have free admission and activities. Most festivals are actually fundraisers for non-profit organizations who make their money through sponsorships. Since sponsors look at attendance numbers to decide how much to give, your family can add to the number and help increase what businesses give next year.Write a letter to local elected officials encouraging them for making good decisions for the community: People work harder when they know they are appreciated. And elected officials seldom hear enough encouraging words.Put a potted plant on your front porch: When your home looks spruced up, it makes the whole neighborhood and the community to look better as well.Take left over dinner to an elderly neighbor: If you have a family of four, cook enough dinner for five one night and deliver a plate to the widow next door. Your delivery helps you to get to know your neighbors better. And police promote knowing your neighbors as the best way to fight neighborhood crime.Look for opportunities to give in your community: Many schools collect items, such as like canned foods, old coats, toys and eyeglasses, for less fortunate families.Vote: While the Presidential election comes around only once every four years, elections happen every year. Check out the candidates for local and state elections.Encourage your employer to sponsor local events, join a civic organization or allow employees to volunteer during work hours: Many businesses have volunteer programs to reward employees for volunteering. Local news media often cover large volunteer events and having employee representation gives businesses extra publicity.
Writing ideas!
1. Get involved as a volunteer
There are plenty of opportunities out there if you look out for them. If you’re considering ways to get involved in the community as a volunteer, but have little time to spare, look out for flexible roles that can fit around your needs.
You could try being a:
• Mentor to a young person • School governor • Befriender to a lonely older person • Hospital visitor • Conservation volunteer • Community project worker • Charity shop assistant
To find volunteering opportunities in your local area use Do-it’s search tool or contact your local volunteering centre.
2. Support local businesses
Support your local businesses by buying locally. Think before you buy. Instead of buying from supermarket chains, back local farmers and purchase local produce instead. You could also attend local events and festivals.
3. Local tidy ups
Small things like litter picking and gardening can help to make your local area a nicer place to live. Look out for Big Tidy Up events where members of the community all club together to spruce up their corner of the world.
4. Help your neighbours
Offering your neighbours some support is a great way of getting to know them and if you look out for others, they’ll probably return the favour too. It could be something as simple as doing the shopping for an older person or collecting the post when next door are away.
5. Raise money
If you’ve got small change to hand, you could give this to charity collectors on the street or the homeless. If you’re a OneFamily customer who is involved in a local community project, take a look at the Foundation.
6. Donate Donate old items of clothing to local homeless shelters, food to animal shelters and any household items to local charity shops. It all helps.
Viết câu sau với nghĩa không đổi=))
1. Could you tell me how to study English?
Would you mind telling me how to study English?
2. They built this house more than one hundred
-> This house was built more than one hundred.
Viết câu sau với nghĩa không đổi=)) 1. Could you tell me how to study English? Would you mind ...............................................telling me how to study English.......................................................... ? 2. They built this house more than one hundred...
=> this house was bulit more than one hundred