Chương 3: NGUYÊN HÀM. TÍCH PHÂN VÀ ỨNG DỤNG

\(I=\frac{1}{4}\int\limits^e_1\frac{4\ln^2x-1+1}{x\left(1+2\ln x\right)}dx=\frac{1}{4}\int\limits^e_1\frac{\left(2\ln x-1\right)dx}{x}+\frac{1}{4}\int\limits^e_1\frac{dx}{x\cdot\left(1+2\ln x\right)}\)

  \(=\frac{1}{8}\int\limits^e_1\left(2\ln x-1\right)d\left(2\ln x-1\right)+\frac{1}{8}\int\limits^e_1\frac{d\left(2\ln x+1\right)}{\left(1+2\ln x\right)}\)

   \(=\left(\frac{1}{16}\left(2\ln x-1\right)^2\right)|^e_1+\frac{1}{8}\ln\left|\left(1+2\ln x\right)\right||^e_1\)

    \(=\frac{1}{8}\ln3\)

\(I=\int\limits^5_1\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}+\frac{\ln x}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\right)dx=\int\limits^5_1\frac{x}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}dx+\int\limits^5_1\frac{\ln x}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\)

- Tính \(\int\limits^5_1\frac{x}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}dx\)

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x-1}\Rightarrow t^2=x-1\Leftrightarrow x=t^2+1\Rightarrow dx=2tdt\)

Đổi cận : Cho x=1 => t=0; x=5=>t=2

\(I_1=\int\limits^2_0\frac{t^2+1}{t+1}.2td=\int\limits^2_0\frac{2t^3+2t}{t+1}dt=\int\limits^2_0\left(2t^2-2t+4-\frac{4}{t+1}\right)dt\)

    \(=\left(\frac{2}{3}t^3-t^2+4t-4\ln\left|x+1\right|\right)|^2_0=\frac{28}{3}-4\ln3\)

\(I_2=\int\limits^5_1\frac{\ln x}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\)

Đặt \(\begin{cases}u=\ln x\\dv=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\end{cases}\) \(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}du=\frac{1}{x}dx\\v=-\frac{1}{x+1}\end{cases}\)

Ta có \(I_2=-\frac{1}{x+1}\ln x|^5_1+\int\limits^5_1\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}dx=-\frac{1}{6}\ln5+\int\limits^5_1\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)dx\)

\(=-\frac{1}{6}\ln5+\left(\ln\left|x\right|x+1\right)|^5_1=-\frac{1}{6}\ln5+\ln5-\ln6+\ln2=\frac{5}{6}\ln5-\ln3\)

Khi đó \(I=I_1+I_2=\frac{28}{3}+\frac{5}{6}\ln5=5\ln3\)

\(I=\int\limits^{\pi}_0\left(x^2-x\sin x\right)dx=\frac{x^3}{3}|^{\pi}_0-\int^{\pi}_0x\sin xdx=\frac{\pi^3}{3}-\int\limits^{\pi}_0x\sin xdx\)

Tính \(I_1=\int\limits^{\pi}_0x\sin xdx\)

Đặt \(\begin{cases}u=x\\dv=\sin xdx\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}du=dx\\v=-\cos x\end{cases}\)

\(\Rightarrow I_1=-x\cos x|^{\pi}_0+\int\limits^{\pi}_0\cos xdx=\pi+\sin x|^{\pi}_0=\pi\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{\pi^3}{3}-\pi\)

Ta có :\(I=\int\limits^2_0\frac{x^2x^3}{\sqrt{x^3+1}}dx\) 

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^3+1}\) khi đó với x=0 thì t=1,x=2 thì t=3

và \(dt=\frac{3x^2}{2\sqrt{x^3+1}}dx\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+1}}dx=\frac{2}{3}dt,x^3=t^2-1\)

Suy ra \(I=\frac{2}{3}\int\limits^3_1\left(t^2-1\right)dt=\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{1}{3}t^2-t\right)|^3_1=\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{26}{3}-2\right)=\frac{40}{9}\)

Vậy \(I=\int\limits^2_0\frac{x^5}{\sqrt{x^3+1}}dx=\frac{40}{9}\)

a

\(I=\int\limits^1_0\left(x+e^{2x}\right)xdx=\int\limits^1_0x^2dx+\int\limits^1_0xe^{2x}dx=I_1+I_2\)

\(I_1=\int\limits^1_0x^2dx=\frac{x^3}{3}|^1_0=\frac{1}{3}\)

Đặt \(\begin{cases}dv=e^{2x}dx\\u=x\end{cases}\) ta có \(\begin{cases}v=\frac{e^{2x}}{2}\\du=dx\end{cases}\)

\(I_2=\frac{xe^{2x}}{2}|^1_0-\int\limits^1_0\frac{e^{2x}}{2}dx=\left(\frac{xe^{2x}}{2}-\frac{e^{2x}}{4}\right)|^1_0=\frac{e^2+1}{4}\)

\(I=I_1+I_2=\frac{e^2+1}{4}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{3e^2+7}{12}\)

Ta có \(I=\int\limits^2_1\frac{1+x^2e^x}{x}dx=\int\limits^2_1\left(\frac{1}{x}+xe^x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_1\frac{dx}{x}+\int\limits^2_1xe^xdx\)

Tính \(\int\limits^2_1\frac{dx}{x}=\ln\left|x\right||^2_1=\ln2\)

Đặt \(u=x\Rightarrow du=dx,dv=e^xdx\) chọn \(v=e^x\) 

Suy ra : \(\int\limits^2_1xe^xdx=xe^x|^2_1-e^x|^2_1=e^2\)

Vậy \(I=\ln2+e^2\)

\(I=\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\frac{\sin x}{\cos2x+3\cos x+2}dx=\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_0\frac{\sin x}{2\cos^2x+3\cos x+1}dx\)

Đặt \(\cos x=t\Rightarrow dt=-\sin dx\)

Với \(x=0\Rightarrow t=1\)

Với \(x=\frac{\pi}{2}\Rightarrow t=0\)

\(I=\int\limits^1_0\frac{dt}{2t^2+3t+1}=\int\limits^1_0\frac{dt}{\left(2t+1\right)\left(t+1\right)}=2\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{1}{2t+1}+\frac{1}{2t+1}\right)dt\)

  \(=\left(\ln\frac{2t+1}{2t+1}\right)|^1_0=\ln\frac{3}{2}\)

\(I=\int_1^4\frac{\ln\left(5-x\right)+x^3}{x^2}dx=\int\limits_1^4\frac{\ln\left(5-x\right)}{x^2}dx+\int\limits^4_1xdx=I_1+I_2\)

\(I_1=\int_1^4\frac{\ln\left(5-x\right)}{x^2}dx:\)\(\begin{cases}u=\ln\left(5-x\right)\\v'=\frac{1}{x^2}\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}u'=-\frac{1}{5-x}\\v=-\frac{1}{x}\end{cases}\)

\(I_1=-\frac{1}{x}\ln\left(5-x\right)|^4_1-\int\limits^4_1\frac{1}{x\left(5-x\right)}dx\)\(=2\ln2+\frac{1}{5}\int\limits^4_1\left(\frac{1}{x-5}-\frac{1}{x}\right)dx\)

                                                        \(=2\ln2-\frac{4}{5}\ln2=\frac{6}{5}\ln2\)

\(I_2=\int\limits^4_1xdx=\frac{x^2}{2}|^4_1=\frac{15}{2}\)

\(I=\frac{15}{2}+\frac{6}{5}\ln2\)

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