Bài 2. Công thức lượng giác

Hướng dẫn giải

Ta có:

\(\cos {15^0} = \cos \left( {{{45}^0} - {{30}^0}} \right) = \cos {45^0}\cos {30^0} + \sin {45^0}\sin {30^0} = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}.\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} + \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}.\frac{1}{2} = \frac{{\sqrt 6  + \sqrt 2 }}{4}\)

\(\sin {15^0} = \sin \left( {{{45}^0} - {{30}^0}} \right) = \sin {45^0}\cos {30^0} - \cos {45^0}\sin {30^0} = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}.\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2}.\frac{1}{2} = \frac{{\sqrt 6  - \sqrt 2 }}{4}\)

\(\tan {15^0} = \tan \left( {{{45}^0} - {{30}^0}} \right) = \frac{{\tan {{45}^0} - \tan {{30}^0}}}{{1 + \tan {{45}^0}\tan {{30}^0}}} = \frac{{1 - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}}}{{1 + \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}}} = 2 - \sqrt 3 \)

\(\cot {15^0} = \frac{1}{{\tan {{15}^0}}} = \frac{1}{{2 - \sqrt 3 }}\)

(Trả lời bởi Hà Quang Minh)

Hướng dẫn giải

a) Vì \(\frac{\pi }{2} < a < \pi \) nên \(\cos a < 0\). Do đó \(\cos a = \sqrt {1 - {{\sin }^2}a}  = \sqrt {1 - \frac{1}{3}}  =  - \frac{{\sqrt 6 }}{3}\)

Ta có: \(\cos \left( {a + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) = \cos a\cos \frac{\pi }{6} - \sin a\sin \frac{\pi }{6} =  - \frac{{\sqrt 6 }}{3}.\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2} - \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}.\frac{1}{2} =  - \frac{{\sqrt 3  + 3\sqrt 2 }}{6}\)

b) Vì \(\pi  < a < \frac{{3\pi }}{2}\) nên \(\sin a < 0\). Do đó \(\sin a = \sqrt {1 - {{\cos }^2}a}  = \sqrt {1 - \frac{1}{9}}  =  - \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}\)

Suy ra \(\tan a\; = \frac{{\sin a}}{{\cos a}} = \frac{{ - \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}}}{{ - \frac{1}{3}}} = 2\sqrt 2 \)

Ta có: \(\tan \left( {a - \frac{\pi }{4}} \right) = \frac{{\tan a - \tan \frac{\pi }{4}}}{{1 + \tan a\tan \frac{\pi }{4}}} = \frac{{\frac{{\sin a}}{{\cos a}} - 1}}{{1 + \frac{{\sin a}}{{\cos a}}}} = \frac{{2\sqrt 2  - 1}}{{1 + 2\sqrt 2 }} = \frac{{9 - 4\sqrt 2 }}{7}\)

(Trả lời bởi Hà Quang Minh)

Hướng dẫn giải

a) Vì \(\frac{\pi }{2} < a < \pi \) nên \(\cos a < 0\)

Ta có: \({\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a  = 1\)

 \(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{9} + {\cos ^2}a  = 1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow {\cos ^2}a =  1 - \frac{1}{9}= \frac{8}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \cos a  =\pm\sqrt { \frac{8}{9}}  =  \pm \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}\)

Vì \(\cos a < 0\) nên \(cos a =-\frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}\)

Suy ra \(\tan a = \frac{{\sin a}}{{\cos a}} = \frac{{\frac{1}{3}}}{{ - \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}}} =  - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}\)

Ta có: \(\sin 2a = 2\sin a\cos a = 2.\frac{1}{3}.\left( { - \frac{{2\sqrt 2 }}{3}} \right) =  - \frac{{4\sqrt 2 }}{9}\)

\(\cos 2a = 1 - 2{\sin ^2}a = 1 - \frac{2}{9} = \frac{7}{9}\)

\(\tan 2a = \frac{{2\tan a}}{{1 - {{\tan }^2}a}} = \frac{{2.\left( { - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}} \right)}}{{1 - {{\left( { - \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{4}} \right)}^2}}} =  - \frac{{4\sqrt 2 }}{7}\)

b) Vì \(\frac{\pi }{2} < a < \frac{{3\pi }}{4}\) nên \(\sin a > 0,\cos a < 0\)

\({\left( {\sin a + \cos a} \right)^2} = {\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a + 2\sin a\cos a = 1 + 2\sin a\cos a = \frac{1}{4}\)

Suy ra \(\sin 2a = 2\sin a\cos a = \frac{1}{4} - 1 =  - \frac{3}{4}\)

Ta có: \({\sin ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a = 1\;\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \left( {\frac{1}{2} - {\cos }a} \right)^2 + {\cos ^2}a - 1 = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{4} - \cos a + {\cos ^2}a + {\cos ^2}a - 1 = 0\)

\( \Leftrightarrow 2{\cos ^2}a - \cos a - \frac{3}{4} = 0\)

\( \Rightarrow \cos a = \frac{{1 - \sqrt 7 }}{4}\) (Vì \(\cos a < 0)\)

\(\cos 2a = 2{\cos ^2}a - 1 = 2.{\left( {\frac{{1 - \sqrt 7 }}{4}} \right)^2} - 1 =  - \frac{{\sqrt 7 }}{4}\)

\(\tan 2a = \frac{{\sin 2a}}{{\cos 2a}} = \frac{{ - \frac{3}{4}}}{{ - \frac{{\sqrt 7 }}{4}}} = \frac{{3\sqrt 7 }}{7}\)

(Trả lời bởi Hà Quang Minh)

Hướng dẫn giải

a) \(A = \frac{{\sin \frac{\pi }{{15}}\cos \frac{\pi }{{10}} + \sin \frac{\pi }{{10}}\cos \frac{\pi }{{15}}}}{{\cos \frac{{2\pi }}{{15}}\cos \frac{\pi }{5} - \sin \frac{{2\pi }}{{15}}\sin \frac{\pi }{5}}} = \frac{{\sin \left( {\frac{\pi }{{15}} + \frac{\pi }{{10}}} \right)}}{{\cos \left( {\frac{{2\pi }}{{15}} + \frac{\pi }{5}} \right)}} = \frac{{\sin \frac{\pi }{6}}}{{\cos \frac{\pi }{3}}} = 1\)

b) \(B = \sin \frac{\pi }{{32}}\cos \frac{\pi }{{32}}\cos \frac{\pi }{{16}}\cos \frac{\pi }{8} = \frac{1}{2}\sin \frac{\pi }{{16}}.\cos \frac{\pi }{{16}}.\cos \frac{\pi }{8} = \frac{1}{4}\sin \frac{\pi }{8}.\cos \frac{\pi }{8} = \frac{1}{8}\sin \frac{\pi }{4} = \frac{1}{8}.\frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{2} = \frac{{\sqrt 2 }}{{16}}\;.\)

(Trả lời bởi Hà Quang Minh)

Hướng dẫn giải

Ta có: \(\sin \left( {a + b} \right)\sin \left( {a - b} \right) = \left( {\sin a\cos b + \cos a\sin b} \right).\left( {\sin a\cos b - \cos a\sin b} \right)\)

\( = {\left( {\sin a\cos b} \right)^2} - {\left( {\cos a\sin b} \right)^2} = {\sin ^2}a\left( {1 - {{\sin }^2}b} \right) - \left( {1 - {{\sin }^2}a} \right){\sin ^2}b\)

\({\sin ^2}a - {\sin ^2}b = {\cos ^2}b\left( {1 - {{\cos }^2}a} \right) - {\cos ^2}a\left( {1 - {{\cos }^2}b} \right) = {\cos ^2}b - {\cos ^2}a\;\) (đpcm)

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Hướng dẫn giải

a) Theo định lý sin: \(\frac{a}{{\sin A}} = \frac{b}{{\sin B}} \to b = \frac{{a.\sin B}}{{\sin A}}\) thay vào \(S = \frac{1}{2}ab.\sin C\) ta có:

\(S = \frac{1}{2}ab.\sin C = \frac{1}{2}a.\frac{{a.\sin B}}{{\sin A}}.sin C = \frac{{{a^2}\sin B\sin C}}{{2\sin A}}\) (đpcm)

b) Ta có: \(\hat A + \hat B + \hat C = {180^0} \Rightarrow \hat A = {180^0} - {75^0} - {45^0} = {60^0}\)

\(S = \frac{{{a^2}\sin B\sin C}}{{2\sin A}} = \frac{{{{12}^2}.\sin {{75}^0}.\sin {{45}^0}}}{{2.\sin {{60}^0}}} = \frac{{144.\frac{1}{2}.\left( {\cos {{30}^0} - \cos {{120}^0}} \right)}}{{2.\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\;}} = \frac{{72.(\frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}-\frac{{-1 }}{2}})}{{\sqrt 3 }} = 36+12\sqrt 3 \)

(Trả lời bởi Hà Quang Minh)

Hướng dẫn giải

Ta có: \(x\left( t \right) = {x_1}\left( t \right) + {x_2}\left( t \right) = 2\left[ {\cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{3}t + \frac{\pi }{6}} \right) + \cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{3}t - \frac{\pi }{3}} \right)} \right]\)

          \(2\left[ {\cos \left( {\frac{{\frac{\pi }{3}t + \frac{\pi }{6} + \frac{\pi }{3}t - \frac{\pi }{3}}}{2}} \right).\cos \left( {\frac{{\frac{\pi }{3}t + \frac{\pi }{6} - \frac{\pi }{3}t + \frac{\pi }{3}}}{2}} \right)} \right] = 2\left[2. {\cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{3}t - \frac{\pi }{{12}}} \right).\cos \frac{\pi }{4}} \right] = 2\sqrt 2 \cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{3}t - \frac{\pi }{{12}}} \right)\)

Vậy biên độ là \(2\sqrt 2 \), pha ban đầu \( - \frac{\pi }{{12}}\)

(Trả lời bởi Hà Quang Minh)