a) Xét:
\(\begin{array}{l}{u_{n + 1}} - {u_n} = \frac{{n + 1 - 3}}{{n + 1 + 2}} - \frac{{n - 3}}{{n + 2}}\\ = \frac{{n - 2}}{{n + 3}} - \frac{{n - 3}}{{n + 2}} = \frac{{{n^2} - 4 - {n^2} + 9}}{{\left( {n + 3} \right)\left( {n + 2} \right)}}\\ = \frac{5}{{\left( {n + 3} \right)\left( {n + 2} \right)}} > 0\,\,\,\forall n \in {\mathbb{N}^*}\end{array}\)
=> Dãy số là dãy số tăng
b) Xét:
\(\begin{array}{l}{u_{n + 1}} - {u_n} = \frac{{{3^{n + 1}}}}{{{2^{n + 1}}.\left( {n + 1} \right)!}} - \frac{{{3^n}}}{{{2^n}.n!}}\\ = \frac{{{3^{n + 1}}}}{{{{2.2}^n}.n!.\left( {n + 1} \right)}} - \frac{{{3^n}}}{{{2^n}.n!}}\\ = \frac{{{3^{n + 1}}}}{{{2^{n + 1}}.\left( {n + 1} \right)!}} - \frac{{{3^n}.2\left( {n + 1} \right)}}{{{2^{n + 1}}.\left( {n + 1} \right)!}}\\ = \frac{{{3^n}\left( {3 - 2n - 2} \right)}}{{{2^{n + 1}}.\left( {n + 1} \right)!}} = \frac{{{3^n}\left( { - 2n + 1} \right)}}{{{2^{n + 1}}.\left( {n + 1} \right)!}} < 0\,\,\,\forall n \in {\mathbb{N}^*}\end{array}\)
=> Dãy số là dãy số giảm
c) Xét:
\(\begin{array}{l}{u_{n + 1}} - {u_n} = {\left( { - 1} \right)^{n + 1}}.\left( {{2^{n + 1}} + 1} \right) - {\left( { - 1} \right)^n}.\left( {{2^n} + 1} \right)\\ = {\left( { - 1} \right)^n}\left[ {\left( { - 1} \right).\left( {{2^{n + 1}} + 1} \right) - {2^n} - 1} \right]\\ = {\left( { - 1} \right)^n}\left( { - {2^{n + 1}} - 1 - {2^n} - 1} \right)\\ = {\left( { - 1} \right)^n}\left( { - {{3.2}^n} - 2} \right)\end{array}\)
=> Dãy số không tăng không giảm.
