1) (1998.1999 - 1998.1998 - 1000 - 98) : 2016
= [1998.(1999 - 1998) - 1098) : 2016
= (1998.1 - 1098) : 2016
= (1998 - 1098) : 2016
= 900 : 2016
= \(\frac{25}{56}\)
b) 2016.2016 - 2012.2020
= 20162 - (2016 - 4).(2016 + 4)
= 20162 - (20162 - 42)
= 20162 - 20162 + 42
= 0 + 16
= 16