\(a.\)
\(\dfrac{-28}{35}=\dfrac{16}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{35\cdot16}{-28}=\dfrac{5\cdot7\cdot4\cdot4}{-7\cdot4}=-20\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{x+7}{15}=\dfrac{-24}{36}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+7=\dfrac{15\cdot-24}{36}=\dfrac{5\cdot3\cdot-12\cdot2}{12\cdot3}=-10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-17\)