a) Với \(a\ge0\) :
\(M=\sqrt{16a^2}-5a=\sqrt{\left(4a\right)^2}-5a=\left|4a\right|-5a=4a-5a=-a\)
b) Với \(b\le0\) :
\(N=\sqrt{25b^2}+3b=\sqrt{\left(5b\right)^2}+3b=\left|5b\right|+3b=-5b+3b=-2b\)
c) Với \(x\ge5\) :
\(P=\sqrt{x^2-10x+25}=\sqrt{\left(x-5\right)^2}=\left|x-5\right|=x-5\)
d) Với \(x>\frac{1}{3}\) :
\(Q=3x+2-\sqrt{9x^2+6x+1}=3x+2-\sqrt{\left(3x+1\right)^2}=3x+2-\left|3x+1\right|=3x+2-\left(3x+1\right)=1\)