Question

Chứng minh đẳng thức sau: \(\left( {2x + y} \right)\left( {2{x^2} + xy - {y^2}} \right) = \left( {2x - y} \right)\left( {2{x^2} + 3xy + {y^2}} \right)\). 

Answer 1

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {2x + y} \right)\left( {2{x^2} + xy - {y^2}} \right)\\ = 2x.2{x^2} + 2x.xy - 2x.{y^2} + y.2{x^2} + y.xy - y.{y^2}\\ = 4{x^3} + 2{x^2}y - 2x{y^2} + 2{x^2}y + x{y^2} - {y^3}\\ = 4{x^3} + \left( {2{x^2}y + 2{x^2}y} \right) + \left( { - 2x{y^2} + x{y^2}} \right) - {y^3}\\ = 4{x^3} + 4{x^2}y - x{y^2} - {y^3}\\\left( {2x - y} \right)\left( {2{x^2} + 3xy + {y^2}} \right)\\ = 2x.2{x^2} + 2x.3xy + 2x.{y^2} - y.2{x^2} - y.3xy - y.{y^2}\\ = 4{x^3} + 6{x^2}y + 2x{y^2} - 2{x^2}y - 3x{y^2} - {y^3}\\ = 4{x^3} + \left( {6{x^2}y - 2{x^2}y} \right) + \left( {2x{y^2} - 3x{y^2}} \right) - {y^3}\\ = 4{x^3} + 4{x^2}y - x{y^2} - {y^3}\end{array}\)

Do đó, \(\left( {2x + y} \right)\left( {2{x^2} + xy - {y^2}} \right) = \left( {2x - y} \right)\left( {2{x^2} + 3xy + {y^2}} \right)\)