a)
\(\begin{array}{l}P + Q = ({x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}) + \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right)\\P + Q = {x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2} + {x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}P + Q = ({x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}) + \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right)\\P + Q = {x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2} + {x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}\\P + Q = \left( {{x^2} + {x^2}} \right) + \left( {2{\rm{x}}y - 2{\rm{x}}y} \right) + \left( {{y^2} + {y^2}} \right)\end{array}\)
c)
\(\begin{array}{l}P + Q = ({x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}) + \left( {{x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}} \right)\\P + Q = {x^2} + 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2} + {x^2} - 2{\rm{x}}y + {y^2}\\P + Q = \left( {{x^2} + {x^2}} \right) + \left( {2{\rm{x}}y - 2{\rm{x}}y} \right) + \left( {{y^2} + {y^2}} \right)\\P + Q = 2{{\rm{x}}^2} + 2{y^2}\end{array}\)