a/ \(M=1+3+3^2+.....+3^{119}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3M=3+3^2+.....+3^{119}+3^{120}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3M-M=\left(3+3^2+.....+3^{120}\right)-\left(1+3+....+3^{119}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2M=3^{120}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\dfrac{3^{120}-1}{2}\)
b/ \(M=1+3+3^2+..........+3^{119}\)
\(=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+........+\left(3^{117}+3^{118}+3^{119}\right)\)
\(=1\left(1+3+3^2\right)+........+3^{117}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)
\(=1.13+.....+3^{117}.13\)
\(=13\left(1+.....+3^{117}\right)⋮13\Leftrightarrow M⋮13\left(đpcm\right)\)