Bài 6: Biến đối đơn giản biểu thức chứa căn bậc hai

Nguyễn Như Nguyệt

Bài 1 : Tính :

a) \(\dfrac{1}{5+2\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{1}{5-2\sqrt{6}}\)

b) \(\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{5}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}\)

c) \(\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{16}}\)

d) \(\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}}{1+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{2-\sqrt{3}}\)

e) \(\dfrac{4}{1+\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{15}+\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{5}}\)

f) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{2-\sqrt{5}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{21-12\sqrt{3}}}\)

Bài 2 : Rút gọn :

a) \(\dfrac{a+b-2\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)

b) \(\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\right).\left(\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+1}-\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)

c) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)

Mysterious Person
23 tháng 6 2017 lúc 7:04

(bài 1) a) \(\dfrac{1}{5+2\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{1}{5-2\sqrt{6}}\) = \(\dfrac{5-2\sqrt{6}-5-2\sqrt{6}}{25-24}\)

= \(\dfrac{-4\sqrt{6}}{1}\) = \(-4\sqrt{6}\)

b) \(\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{5}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{15}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}\) = \(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)}{\sqrt{3}}\)

= \(\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)-\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)\) = \(\sqrt{5}+1-\sqrt{5}+1\) = \(2\)

c) \(\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{16}}\) = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{16}}\)

= \(\sqrt{6}.\sqrt{16}\) = \(4\sqrt{6}\)

d) \(\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}}{1+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{2-\sqrt{3}}\)

= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{1+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{2-\sqrt{3}}\)

= \(\sqrt{3}+2+\sqrt{2}-\dfrac{1}{2-\sqrt{3}}\) = \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{3}+2+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)-1}{2-\sqrt{3}}\)

= \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}-3+4-2\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}-1}{2-\sqrt{3}}\)

= \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}}{2-\sqrt{3}}\) = \(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)}{2-\sqrt{2}}\) = \(\sqrt{2}\)

e) \(\dfrac{4}{1+\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{15}+\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{5}}\) = \(\dfrac{4}{1+\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)}{1+\sqrt{5}}\)

= \(\dfrac{4}{1+\sqrt{3}}-\sqrt{3}\) = \(\dfrac{4-\sqrt{3}-3}{1+\sqrt{3}}\) = \(\dfrac{1-\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{3}}\)

= \(\dfrac{\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)}{1-3}\) = \(\dfrac{1-2\sqrt{3}+3}{-2}\) = \(\dfrac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{-2}\)

= \(\dfrac{-2\left(-2+\sqrt{3}\right)}{-2}\) = \(\sqrt{3}-2\)

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Mysterious Person
23 tháng 6 2017 lúc 9:11

bài 2)

a)\(\dfrac{a+b-2\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}=\dfrac{\left(a+b-2\sqrt{ab}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\)

= \(\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}+a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}-2a\sqrt{b}-2b\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\)

= \(\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}+-a\sqrt{b}+b\sqrt{b}-b\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\) = \(\dfrac{a\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)-b\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\)

= \(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\) = \(a-b\)

b) \(\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\right).\left(\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+1}-\dfrac{a+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)

= \(\dfrac{2a-2}{4\sqrt{a}}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2-\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)

= \(\dfrac{2a-2}{4\sqrt{a}}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(a-2\sqrt{a}+1\right)-\sqrt{a}\left(a+2\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)

= \(\dfrac{2a-2}{4\sqrt{a}}.\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}-2a+\sqrt{a}-a\sqrt{a}-2a-\sqrt{a}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)

= \(\dfrac{2\left(a-1\right)}{4\sqrt{a}}.\dfrac{-4a}{a-1}\) = \(-2\)

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