Bài 1:
4H2 + Fe3O4 \(\underrightarrow{to}\) 3Fe + 4H2O
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{46,4}{232}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=4n_{Fe_3O_4}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5}{2}n_{Fe_3O_4}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{5}{2}< 4\) ⇒ Fe3O4 dư
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}pư=\dfrac{1}{4}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\times0,5=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H\%=\dfrac{n_{Fe_3O_4}pư}{n_{Fe_3O_4}}\times100\%=\dfrac{0,125}{0,2}\times100\%=62,5\%\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=m_{H_2O}=0,5\times18=9\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2 (1)
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 (2)
a) Theo PT1,2: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2\Sigma n_{H_2}=2\times0,5=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{HCl}=1\times36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo ĐLBTKL ta có:
mhh kim loại + mHCl = mhh muối + \(m_{H_2}\)
⇔ 20 + 36,5 = mhh muối + 1
⇔ mhh muối = 20 + 36,5 - 1 = 55,5 (g)
Bài 2:
\(n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
mà \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{HCl}=1.36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(\Rightarrow m_{h^2muối}=m_{h^2KL}+m_{HCl}-m_{H_2}\)
\(=20+36,5-1=55,5\)
Câu 2:
PTHH:
\(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT (1) và (2) ta có: \(n_{HCl\left(1,2\right)}=\dfrac{0,5.2}{1}=1\left(mol\right)\)
a. => \(m_{HCl\left(1,2\right)}=1.36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
b. Áp dụng ĐLBTKL ta có:
\(m_{hỗnhợpkimloại}+m_{HCl}=m_{muối}+m_{H_2}\)
=> \(m_{muối}=\left(m_{hhkimloai}+m_{HCl}\right)-m_{H_2}=\left(20+36,5\right)-1=55,5\left(g\right)\)