a) Giá trị lớn nhất:
\(A=2x-3x^2-4=-3\left(x^2-\frac{2}{3}x+\frac{4}{3}\right)=-3\left[x^2-2.x.\frac{1}{3}+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2+\frac{35}{9}\right]=-3\left(x-\frac{1}{3}^2\right)-\frac{35}{3}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2\ge0\left(x\in R\right)\)
Nên \(-3\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2\le0\left(x\in R\right)\)
do đó \(-3\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2-\frac{35}{3}\le-\frac{35}{3}\left(x\in R\right)\)
Vậy \(Max_A=-\frac{35}{3}\)khi \(x-\frac{1}{3}=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(B=-x^2-4x=-\left(x^2+4x\right)=-\left(x^2+2.x.2+2^2-2^2\right)=-\left(x+2\right)^2+4\)
Vì \(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\left(x\in R\right)\)
nên \(-\left(x+2\right)^2\le0\left(x\in R\right)\)
do đó \(-\left(x+2\right)^2+4\le4\left(x\in R\right)\)
Vậy \(Max_B=4\)khi \(x+2=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
b) Giá trị nhỏ nhất
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2.x.+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\left(x\in R\right)\)
nên \(\left(x-1\right)^2-2\ge-2\left(x\in R\right)\)
Vậy \(Min_A=-2\)khi \(x-1=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
\(B=4^2+4x+5=\left(2x\right)^2+2.2x.1+1+4=\left(2x+1\right)^2+4\)
vì \(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0\left(x\in R\right)\)
nên \(\left(2x+1\right)^2+4\ge4\left(x\in R\right)\)
Vậy \(Min_B=4\)khi \(2x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}\)