4. Read the Reading Strategy. Then look at questions 1-4 in exercise 5. Find the underlined words in the text and explain why those options are not correct.

(Đọc Chiến lược Đọc. Sau đó, xem các câu hỏi 1-4 trong bài tập 5. Tìm các từ gạch chân trong văn bản và giải thích tại sao các lựa chọn đó không đúng)

Reading Strategy(Chiến lược đọc)

Do not assume that because a multiple-choice option contains words from the text, it is correct. Focus on meaning, not on individual words.

(Đừng cho rằng vì một đáp án trong trắc nghiệm chứa từ trong bài đọc, là đúng. Tập trung vào ngữ nghĩa. không phải riêng rẽ từng từ một.)

Treat option as a true or false task in order to find the option that is true.

(Coi các lựa chọn là một bài tập đúng sai để tìm ra đáp án nào đúng.)

3. Read the Reading Strategy. Then look at the underlined words in the sentences after the gaps in the text. What kind of connection do they imply: contrast, similarity, cause / result, or a different option?

(Đọc Chiến lược Đọc hiểu. Sau đó, nhìn vào các từ được gạch chân trong các câu sau các chỗ trống trong bài đọc. Chúng cho thấy cách nối câu nào: tương phản, tương đương, nguyên nhân / kết quả hoặc một lựa chọn khác?)

Reading Strategy(Chiến thuật Đọc hiểu)

When you do a task with gapped sentence, study the sentence after each gap and look for any connections with the missing sentence. For example, if it begins with but, there is a contrast. Other words suggest other types of connection:

(Khi bạn làm một bài tập điền câu vào chỗ trống, nghiên cứu các cậu sau mỗi chỗ trỗng và tìm kiếm sự liên kết với câu còn trống. Ví dụ, nếu nó bắt đầu bằng but, thì chỗ đó là một sự tương phản. Những từ khác gợi ý những loại liên kết khác:)

+ similarity (sự tương đương): so

+ cause/ result (nguyên nhân/ kết quả): so

+ a different option (một ý kiến khác): or

Read the Reading Strategy. Then read the sentences below and the highlighted words in the text. Say which sentence links to which highlighted word and underline the part of the sentence which helped you to decide.

A. You see the world differently, develop your own views and your own sense of right and wrong.

B. They may not say so, but they are probably feeling a sense of loss and may even feel rejected by you.

C. Firstly, let your parents know that you still love and value them.

D. Keep talking to your parents.

E. In general, emotionally and socially, the adolescents like you are experiencing profound changes in terms of freedom, privacy, interests, decisions and opinions.

F. You hate being told what to do all the time.

G. Despite this, you should always listen carefully.

7. Look at the highlighted first conditional sentence in the text in exercise 6, and read the Learn this! box below. Complete rule a with present simple and will + verb. Then find two more examples in the text.

(Nhìn vào câu điều kiện loại 1 được tô nổi lên trong bài đọc ở bài số 6, và đọc hộp Learn this! ở dưới. Hoàn thành quy tắc a với thì hiện tại đơn và will + động từ. Sau đó tìm thêm hai ví dụ khác trong bài đọc.)

LEARN THIS! The first conditional(Câu điều kiện loại 1)

a. We use the first conditional to predict the result of an action. We use the (1) _____ to describe the action, and (2) _____ to describe the result. 

If I get the job, I'll have to move to New York.

b. The if clause can come before or after the main clause. If it comes after, we don't use a comma. 

I won’t take the job if it isn't challenging enough.

Exercise 2: Read the paragraph below. Then do the tasks that follow.

                Louis Braille was born in 1809 in Coupvray. He was a French teacher of the blind. He himself was blind from the age of thee. In 1818 he was a foundling (trẻ bỏ rơi) in the National Institute for the Young Blind in Paris (NIYBP). Soon showing marked ability in both science and music, he became famous in Paris as an organist and violoncellist. In 1826 Braille began teaching the blind in the institute. Braille is known for his idea modifying the Barrier “point writing” system, used for coded army messages, to enable the blind to read. Point writing consists of dots and dashes on cardboard; the Braille system derived from it is used successfully today in many countries.

Task 1: Match one word in A with its definition in B.

Task 2: Decide whether the statements below are true (T) or false (F).

1. _________       Louis Braille was an engineer.

2. _________       Braille was blind in 1812.

3. _________       Braille studied sciences and music well.

4. _________       Braille invented the Barrier point writing system.

5. _________       The Braille system was used in the French army.

Task 3: Answer the questions.

1. When and where was Louis Braille born?

> ……………..................................................................

2. When did he begin teaching the blind in NIYBP?

> ……………..................................................................

3. What did the Braille system derive from?

> ……………..................................................................

4. What was used for coded army messages?

> ……………..................................................................

5. What does the Barrier point writing system consist of?

> ……………..................................................................

Read the Writing Strategy and do the tasks below.

1. Divide the letter into six paragraphs.

2. Find three examples of short forms. Correct them.

3. Find words and phrases in the letter which would be bette expressed with these more formal words and phrases:

friends           I would be grateful if you could inform me

I would certainly be interested          receiving a reply

recommendations

4. Find words and phrases in the letter which express these things in a more formal way:

ask about          soon          sort out          tell me about

Read each main idea and then quickly skim the reading passage to find the paragraph it describes. Write the letter of the paragraph in the space.

A   It seems every day that Elon Musk makes headline news. The inventor, engineer, and entrepreneur is involved with several innovative projects: Tesla electric cars, OpenAI artificial intelligence, Hyperloop high-speed transportation systems, supersonic jet aircraft, and SolarCity. But Musk's most noteworthy project is SpaceX which is dedicated to advancing rocket and spacecraft technology with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining settlement on Mars.

B   Space Exploration Technologies - better known by its nickname SpaceX - was started in 2002 with the long term goal of establishing "a spacefaring civilization." Musk is making a comparison with the seafaring that characterized the Age of Exploration from the late 1400s to the 1700s. During that period, Europeans explored parts of the world that had previously been unknown. The exploration led to settlements, trade, and exchanges between all parts of the world. Recently, Musk said, "The future of humanity is fundamentally going to bifurcate along one of two directions: Either we're going to become a multiplanet species and a spacefaring civilization, or we're going to be stuck on one planet until some eventual extinction event."¹

C   Musk is not exactly sure what might wipe out humans on planet Earth, but some ideas are an asteroid, a super volcano eruption, a virus or even catastrophic global warming. But aside from the threats, he is eager to move into space, not only to explore it but also to establish a human colony on Mars.

D   Around 2002, Musk saw flaws in the existing space program which was based on the space shuttle and expensive rockets that could only be used once. He was determined to design and create reusable rockets that make space exploration much less expensive. By 2015, SpaceX had developed and tested the first rocket booster that was able to land and be used again. NASA, the US national space agency, gave SpaceX contracts to transport crew and cargo to the International Space Station (ISS) after they retired the space shuttle.

E   In September 2016, Musk announced his plans to send the first people to Mars by 2025. After that, large numbers of people would become settlers, but they would need to be supplied with everything necessary for life. Musk says, "What really matters is being able to send a large number of people, like tens of thousands if not hundreds of thousands of people, and ultimately millions of tons of cargo."² That's why he thinks reusable rockets are so important.

F   Establishing a colony on Mars has many challenges. First is the need to fuel the spacecraft from the sun's energy outside Earth's atmosphere. There are problems transporting all the supplies needed to sustain life including air, food, and water. Landing a spacecraft on Mars gently would be tricky. Then there are the human problems. Research on astronauts at the ISS has shown that living for a long time in a weightless situation causes bone loss, vision problems, and perhaps psychological changes. Lastly, there's no quick trip back to Earth in emergencies.

G    Experts in space technology have had mixed reactions to Musk's plan. Some see the program as too ambitious or are concerned about the schedule. Others acknowledge the need for space exploration and settlement and admire Musk's vision. Kenny Todd, an operations manager for NASA's Johnson Space Center, put it this way: "You gotta start somewhere. You gotta start with dreaming," Todd said, "And sometime in there, things become actual."³

¹ Source of quote: Elon Musk: A Million Humans Could Live on Mars By the 2060s by Nadia Drake (news.nationalgeographic.com)

^2, 3 Source of quotes: Mars: Inside the High-Risk, High-Stakes Race to the Red Planet by Joel Achenbach (nationalgeographic.com)

30.       A comparison between past and future exploration

31.       Difficulties associated with settlement on Mars

32.       Information about Musk's other roles and projects

33.       Reasons why SpaceX developed reusable rockets

34.       An idea of how many people would be involved in settling on Mars