Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{2b}{b+1}+\frac{3c}{c+1}\leq 1(*)\)

\((*)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+1}=1-\frac{a}{a+1}\geq \frac{2b}{b+1}+\frac{3c}{c+1}=\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 5\sqrt[5]{\frac{b^2c^3}{(b+1)^2(c+1)^3}}(1)\)

\((*)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{b+1}=1-\frac{b}{b+1}\geq \frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{3c}{c+1}=\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 5\sqrt[5]{\frac{abc^3}{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)^3}}(2)\)

\((*)\Rightarrow \frac{1}{c+1}=1-\frac{c}{c+1}\geq \frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{2b}{b+1}+\frac{2c}{c+1}=\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\geq 5\sqrt[5]{\frac{ab^2c^2}{(a+1)(b+1)^2(c+1)^2}}(3)\)

Lấy \((1).(2)^2.(3)^3\) rồi rút gọn ta suy ra \(ab^2c^3\leq \frac{1}{5^6}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{5}$

\(1-\frac{a}{a+1}\ge\frac{2b}{b+1}+\frac{3c}{c+1}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+1}\ge\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{b^2c^3}{\left(b+1\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^3}}\)

Tương tự:

\(\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+3.\frac{c}{c+1}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{abc^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)^3}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(b+1\right)^2}\ge25\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^2b^2c^6}{\left(a+1\right)^2\left(b+1\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^6}}\)

\(\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{a}{a+1}+2.\frac{b}{b+1}+2.\frac{c}{c+1}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{ab^2c^2}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(c+1\right)^3}\ge125\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^3b^6c^6}{\left(a+1\right)^3\left(b+1\right)^6\left(c+1\right)^6}}\)

Nhân vế với vế:

\(\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^3}\ge5^6\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^5b^{10}c^{15}}{\left(a+1\right)^5\left(b+1\right)^{10}\left(c+1\right)^{15}}}=\frac{5^6ab^2c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab^2c^3\le\frac{1}{5^6}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{5}\)

Từ \(ab+bc+ca=5abc\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=5\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki ta có :

\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(a+a+b+b+c\right)\ge\left(1+1+1+1+1\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{25}{2a+2b+c}\)

Tương tự ta có :

\(\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{25}{2b+2c+a}\)

\(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\ge\frac{25}{2a+b+2c}\)

Cộng từng vế BĐT ta thu được :

\(\frac{5}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+\frac{5}{c}\ge25P\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{5\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)}{25}=1\)

Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{5}\)

1. Vai trò a, b, c như nhau. Không mất tính tổng quát. Giả sử \(a\ge b\ge0\)

Mà \(ab+bc+ca=3\). Do đó \(ab\ge1\)

Ta cần chứng minh rằng \(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+ab}\left(1\right)\)

Và \(\frac{2}{1+ab}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)

Thật vậy: \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}-\frac{1}{1+ab}\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(ab-a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)+\left(ab-b^2\right)\left(1+a^2\right)\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left[-a\left(1+b^2\right)+b\left(1+a^2\right)\right]\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)\ge0\left(BĐT:đúng\right)\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow c^2+3-ab\ge3abc^2\\ \Leftrightarrow c^2+ca+bc\ge3abc^2\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3abc\)

BĐT đúng, vì \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2>3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=q\)

và \(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\)

Nên \(a+b+c\ge3\ge3abc\)

Từ (1) và (2) ta có \(\frac{1}{1+a^2}+\frac{1}{1+b^2}+\frac{1}{1+c^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy dạng \(\frac{9}{x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\), ta được

\(\frac{9}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{1}{a+c+b+c+2b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)

Do đó ta được

\(\frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}\le\frac{ab}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)=\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{a}{2}\right)\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự ta được

\(\frac{bc}{2a+b+3c}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{b}{2}\right);\frac{ac}{3a+2b+c}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{ac}{b+c}+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)

Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên ta được

\(\frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}+\frac{bc}{b+3c+2a}+\frac{ca}{c+3a+2b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ac+bc}{a+b}+\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\frac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{6}\)Vậy BĐT đc CM

ĐẲng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = c >0

Bài 2:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(a^2+2b^2+c^2=(a^2+b^2)+(a^2+c^2)\geq 2\sqrt{(a^2+b^2)(a^2+c^2)}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{(a+b)^2}{2}.\frac{(a+c)^2}{2}}=(a+b)(a+c)\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{ab^2}{a^2+2b^2+c^2}\leq \frac{ab^2}{(a+b)(a+c)}\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:

\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \sum \frac{ab^2}{(a+b)(a+c)}=\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+abc(a+b+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)

Ta cần CM: \(\frac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+abc(a+b+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 4(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)+4abc(a+b+c)\leq (a+b+c)(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 4(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)+4abc(a+b+c)\leq (a+b+c)(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 4(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)+4abc(a+b+c)\leq (a+b+c)[(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)-abc]\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)\leq (a^3b+ab^3)+(bc^3+b^3c)+(ca^3+c^3a)\)

(dễ thấy luôn đúng do theo BĐT AM-GM)

Do đó ta có đpcm.

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

1.

\(P=\frac{a^4}{abc}+\frac{b^4}{abc}+\frac{c^4}{abc}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)

\(P\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right).3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a+b+c}\)

Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)

2.

\(P=\sum\frac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4.\frac{3}{8}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\frac{2}{3}\)

Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=d\)

Thục Trinh, tran nguyen bao quan, Phùng Tuệ Minh, Ribi Nkok Ngok, Lê Nguyễn Ngọc Nhi, Tạ Thị Diễm Quỳnh,

Nguyễn Huy Thắng, ?Amanda?, saint suppapong udomkaewkanjana

Help me!

Bài thứ hai đó áp dụng bđt cauchy showas là ra rồi sử dụng tch bắc cầu tệ.

\(\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\ge\frac{4}{2a+4b+2c}=\frac{2}{a+2b+c}\)

Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{2a+b+c}\ge\frac{2}{a+b+2c}\) ; \(\frac{1}{c+3a}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}\ge\frac{2}{2a+b+c}\)

Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm

Ta CM BĐT phụ sau: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}},a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)( co si với a,b>0)

Suy ra \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge4\RightarrowĐPCM\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)

a/Áp dụng (1) có

\(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\left(2\right)\).Tương tự ta cũng có:

\(\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\left(3\right),\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\left(4\right)\)

Cộng (2),(3) và (4) có \(VT\le\frac{1}{4}.\left(6+6\right)=3\left(ĐPCM\right)\)

b/Áp dụng (1) có:

\(\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b+2c\right)+2\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right)\left(5\right)\)

Tương tự có: \(\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c+2b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)\left(6\right)\)

\(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\left(7\right)\)

Cộng (5),(6) và (7) có:

\(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{a+c+2b}+\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\right)\le\frac{1}{4}.9=\frac{3}{2}\)