\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1.3}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3.5}}+.......+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{29.31}}\right)\)

\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5}}+.....-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{29}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{29}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{31}}\right)\)

\(S=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{31}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{31-\sqrt{31}}{31}\right)=\dfrac{31-\sqrt{31}}{62}\)

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{17}}{3} = 5,(6);\\ - \frac{{125}}{111} = 1,(126);\\\sqrt 5  = 2,2360679....; \sqrt {19}  = 4,3588989...\end{array}\)

b) Làm tròn số \( \sqrt {19} \) với độ chính xác 0,05, tức là làm tròn số 4,3588989… đến chữ số hàng phần mười, ta được 4,4.

a: \(\dfrac{17}{3}=5,\left(6\right);-\dfrac{125}{111}=-1,\left(126\right);\sqrt{5}\simeq2,24\)

\(\sqrt{19}\simeq4,36\)

b: \(\sqrt{19}\simeq4,4\)

Xét bài toán phụ sau:

Nếu \(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\left|\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right|\)  \(\left(a,b,c\ne0\right)\)

Thật vậy

Ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2-2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2-2\cdot\frac{a+b+c}{abc}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2-2\cdot\frac{0}{abc}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}=\left|\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right|\)

Bài toán được chứng minh

Quay trở lại, ta sẽ áp dụng bài toán phụ vào bài chính:

Ta có: \(P=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}}+...+\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{779^2}+\frac{1}{801^2}}\)

Vì \(2+1+\left(-3\right)=0\) nên:

\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{\left(-3\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}+1-\frac{1}{3}\)

Tương tự ta tính được:

\(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}\) ; ... ; \(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{799^2}+\frac{1}{801^2}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{799}-\frac{1}{801}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{2}+1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{799}-\frac{1}{801}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\cdot400+\left(1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{799}-\frac{1}{801}\right)\)

\(=200+\frac{800}{801}=\frac{161000}{801}=\frac{a}{b}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=161000\\b=801\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow Q=161000-801\cdot200=800\)

Mỗi biểu thức trong dấu căn có dạng:

\(1+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}\)   ( Với \(k\ge2\))

Ta có:

\(1+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}=\frac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2+\left(k+1\right)^2+k^2}{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}=\frac{k^4+2k^3+k^2+k^2+2k+1+k^2}{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}\)

\(=\frac{k^4+2k^2\left(k+1\right)+\left(k+1\right)^2}{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}=\frac{\left(k^2+k+1\right)^2}{\left(k\left(k+1\right)\right)^2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}}=\frac{k^2+k+1}{k^2+k}=1+\frac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}=1+\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow S=1+1-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+1+\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2014}=2014-\frac{1}{2014}\)

Mỗi biểu thức trong dấu căn có dạng:

1+1k2 +1(k+1)2    ( Với k≥2)

Ta có:

1+1k2 +1(k+1)2 =k2(k+1)2+(k+1)2+k2k2(k+1)2 =k4+2k3+k2+k2+2k+1+k2k2(k+1)2 

=k4+2k2(k+1)+(k+1)2k2(k+1)2 =(k2+k+1)2(k(k+1))2 

⇒√1+1k2 +1(k+1)2 =k2+k+1k2+k =1+1k(k+1) =1+1k −1k+1 

⇒S=1+1−12 +1+12 −13 +1+13 −14 +...+1+12013 −12014 =2014−12014 

Mỗi biểu thức trong dấu căn có dạng:

1+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}1+k21​+(k+1)21​   ( Với k\ge2k≥2)

Ta có:

1+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}=\frac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2+\left(k+1\right)^2+k^2}{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}=\frac{k^4+2k^3+k^2+k^2+2k+1+k^2}{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}1+k21​+(k+1)21​=k2(k+1)2k2(k+1)2+(k+1)2+k2​=k2(k+1)2k4+2k3+k2+k2+2k+1+k2​

=\frac{k^4+2k^2\left(k+1\right)+\left(k+1\right)^2}{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2}=\frac{\left(k^2+k+1\right)^2}{\left(k\left(k+1\right)\right)^2}=k2(k+1)2k4+2k2(k+1)+(k+1)2​=(k(k+1))2(k2+k+1)2​

\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)^2}}=\frac{k^2+k+1}{k^2+k}=1+\frac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}=1+\frac{1}{k}-\frac{1}{k+1}⇒1+k21​+(k+1)21​​=k2+kk2+k+1​=1+k(k+1)1​=1+k1​−k+11​

\Rightarrow S=1+1-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+1+\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2014}=2014-\frac{1}{2014}⇒S=1+1−21​+1+21​−31​+1+31​−41​+...+1+20131​−20141​=2014−

Dat bieu thuc tren la A

ta co  \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+2}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+2}-\sqrt{n}}{2}\)

ap dung dang thuc tren ta co\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+1}=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\)

                        tuong tu ta co \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}}{2}\)

                                              .........

                                            \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2015}}=\frac{\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2015}}{2}\)

ta co

\(A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{3}-1+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+.....+\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2015}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{2017}-1}{2}\)

Xem lại đề

\(=\frac{\sqrt{\frac{2+2\sqrt{2}+1}{3}}+\sqrt{\frac{2-2\sqrt{2}+1}{3}}}{\sqrt{\frac{2+2\sqrt{2}+1}{3}}-\sqrt{\frac{2-2\sqrt{2}+1}{3}}}\)

\(=\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{3}}}{\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}}{\sqrt{3}}}\)

\(=\frac{\frac{\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{3}}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}+1-\sqrt{2}+1}{\sqrt{3}}}=\frac{\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}}}{\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}}=\sqrt{2}\)