Read the Learn this! box and complete the rules. Use the dialogue to help you. How many examples of this tense are there in the dialogue?

Find all the examples of the past simple and the present perfect in the article. Complete the rules in the Learn this! box below with present perfect or past simple. Then underline an example of each rule in the article.

LEARN THIS! Present perfect and past simple

a. We use ¹___________ to talk about a specific occasion in the past.

b. We use ²___________ to talk about a specific period of time that is still continuing.

c. We use ³___________ to say how long a situation has existed, often with for, since, or how long.

d. We use ⁴___________to talk about an event that has a strong connection with the present, often with just, already, or yet.

e. We use ⁵___________to talk about an experience at an unspecified time in the past, often with ever or never.

3. Read the Learn this! box and complete rule a with infinitive, past simple and would. Then find seven second conditional sentences in the dialogue in exercise 2.

(Đọc phần Learn this! và hoàn thành quy tắc a với động từ nguyên mẫu, thì quá khứ đơn và would. Sau đó, tìm bày câu điều kiện loại hai trong đoạn hội thoại ở bài tập 2.)

LEARN THIS! The second conditional

a. We use the second conditional to describe an unreal or imaginary situation and its result.

If shops didn't exist (imaginary situation), we would buy (result) everything online.

We use the (1) _____ in the if clause and we use (2) _____ + (3) _____ in the main clause. 

b. We can put the main clause first. In this case, we don't need the comma.

I'd buy you a present if I had enough money. 

c. We use could to mean would + be able to. It is also the past simple of can. 

If I won the lottery, I could stop work. 

If she could speak English, she'd get a job in the USA.

Read the Learn this! box. Which examples of do, make and take in the dialogue in exercise 2 match the basic meanings in the Learn this! box?

Read the Leam this! box. Underline an example of the present perfect simple for a completed action in exercise 2.

3. Find examples of the present simple and present continuous in the messages in exercise 2. Then read the Learn this! box and complete the rules.

(Tìm những ví dụ về thì hiện tại đơn và hiện tại tiếp diễn trong đoạn tin nhắn trong bài 2. Sau đó đọc hộp Learn this! và hoàn thành các quy tắc.)

LEARN THIS! Present tense contrast

We use:

a. the (1) present simple for something that happens regularly, always or never.

b. the (2) _____ for something that happens at this moment.

c. the (3) _____ for something that happens around this time.

d. the (4) _____ for stating a fact.

e. the (5) _____ with certain verbs that we do not usually use in continuous tenses: believe, know, like, love, need, understand, want, etc.

f. the (6) _____ for future arrangements.

Complete the Learn this! box with the tenses below. Then underline an example of each of the rules (a-d) in the text in exercise 2.

past continuous       past perfect              past simple

Read the Learn this! box. Underline the past modal verbs in the dialogue in exercise 1.

Freya: I can't find my camera, Archie.

Archie: There it is. It's under your bag. Why do you have to bring it to class?

Freya: I must take it to my photography class today. By the way, I didn't understand that email you sent me yesterday.

Archie: I didn't send any emails yesterday.

Freya: Well, you might have sent it earlier. But I got it yesterday.

Archie: I can't have sent you an email. My phone hasn't been working for a week.

Freya: Somebody must have used your account. The email had a link to a competition, but when I clicked on it, nothing happened.

Archie: Oh no! You shouldn't have clicked on the link. You've possibly downloaded some malware onto your phone.

Freya: That's terrible! You should have warned me earlier.

Archie: I didn't know! Anyway, you might not have downloaded anything. It's possible that you were lucky. You just need to wait and see.

Freya: Anyway, you need to warn your other friends. That email could have gone to everybody in your address book!

Read the Learn this! box. Complete the examples and rules. How many more examples of each tense can you find in the article?