complete the Learn this!box with the two missing object pronouns from the dialogue in exercise 1
dịch dùm mình với
3. Read the Learn this! box and complete rule a with infinitive, past simple and would. Then find seven second conditional sentences in the dialogue in exercise 2.
(Đọc phần Learn this! và hoàn thành quy tắc a với động từ nguyên mẫu, thì quá khứ đơn và would. Sau đó, tìm bày câu điều kiện loại hai trong đoạn hội thoại ở bài tập 2.)
LEARN THIS! The second conditional
a. We use the second conditional to describe an unreal or imaginary situation and its result.
If shops didn't exist (imaginary situation), we would buy (result) everything online.
We use the (1) _____ in the if clause and we use (2) _____ + (3) _____ in the main clause.
b. We can put the main clause first. In this case, we don't need the comma.
I'd buy you a present if I had enough money.
c. We use could to mean would + be able to. It is also the past simple of can.
If I won the lottery, I could stop work.
If she could speak English, she'd get a job in the USA.
a. We use the second conditional to describe an unreal or imaginary situation and its result.
(Chúng ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 2 để mô tả những sự kiện không có thật hoặc tưởng tượng ra và kết quả của chúng.)
If shops didn't exist (imaginary situation), we would buy (result) everything online.
(Nếu các cửa hàng không tồn tại (tình huống tưởng tượng), chúng ta sẽ mua (kết quả) mọi thứ trên mạng.)
We use the (1) past simple in the if clause and we use (2) would + (3) infinite in the main clause.
(Chúng ta sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn trong mệnh đề if và dùng would + nguyên mẫu không to trong mệnh đề chính.)
b. We can put the main clause first. In this case, we don't need the comma.
(Ta có thể để mệnh đề chính lên trước. Trong trường hợp này, ta không cần dấu phẩy.)
I'd buy you a present if I had enough money.
(Tôi sẽ mua cho cậu một món quà nếu tôi có đủ tiền.)
c. We use could to mean would + be able to. It is also the past simple of can.
(Ta dùng could với nghĩa là would + be able to. Nó cũng là thể quá khứ đơn của can.)
If I won the lottery, I could stop work.
(Nếu tôi thắng xổ số, tôi có thể nghỉ việc.)
If she could speak English, she'd get a job in the USA.
(Nếu cô ấy có thể nói tiếng Anh, cô ấy có thể có việc ở Mỹ.)
The world would be much better if money didn’t exist.
If money didn’t exist, how would you buy things?
If you needed something, you would make it.
If you couldn’t make it, you would swap with somebody else.
So if I wanted a new mobile phone, how would I get it?
If money didn’t exist, life wouldn’t be better for poor people.
If nobody had any money, everybody would be equal.
Instructions: Look at the table and complete it with object pronoun from the dialogue in exercise 1.
Object pronouns | ||
I → me you → you he → ... | she → ... it → ... we → us | you → you they → them |
I-me she-her you-you
you-you it-it they-them
he-his we-us
Read the Learn this! box and complete the rules. Use the dialogue to help you. How many examples of this tense are there in the dialogue?
LEARN THIS! Present perfect continuous a. We form the present perfect continuous with have/ 1________ + 2________+ -ing form. b. We use the present perfect continuous: 1. for an action that began in the past and is still in progress. You 3_________working much this term. Why not? We often use for or 4_________to say how long the action has been in progress. They 5_________living in Paris 6_________ ten years. 2. for an action that has recently been in progress and which explains the current situation. I'm hot because I 7_________ running. |
1. has
2. been
3. have been
4. since
5. have been
6. for
7. have bee
Studying the use of articles in the dialogue. Complete the Learn this! Box with a / an, the or – (no article).
LEARN THIS! Articles
a. We use 1________when we mention something for the first time and 2________when we mention it again.
b. We use 3________when it is clear what we are talking about and in superlatives.
c. We use 4________to say what someone's jobs is.
d. We use 5________when we make generalization.
e. We use 6________to mean ‘per’ or ‘in each’
f. there are set phrases which do not follow a rule
go to school | at 7________ weekend | watch TV | go to the cinema |
in 8____morning / afternoon | on Monday | listen to the radio |
|
1. a / an
2. the
3. the
4. a / an
5. -
6. a / an
7. the
8. the
Read the Learn this! box. Which examples of do, make and take in the dialogue in exercise 2 match the basic meanings in the Learn this! box?
LEARN THIS! do, make and take The verbs do, make and take are very common in English. They each have a basic meaning: do = to perform an action or activitymake = to create or cause somethingtake = to move something from one place to anotherHowever, the verbs have other meanings and are used in a large number of phrases. Check these in a dictionary. |
Agent: Good morning. What can I 1 do for you?
Woman: Can I ask you about that amazing house that's built on a cliff?
Agent: Yes, of course. You can 2 take a look at some more pictures on my computer. Look at the view from that sofa!
Woman: I love it. Can I 3 make an appointment to look around?
Agent: I'm afraid you can't 4 do that. The house doesn't exist yet! You need to choose a location first. But the house would only 5 take twelve weeks to build.
Woman: I see. I need to find somewhere soon, so I'll have to 6 make up my mind quickly.
Agent: Can I ask what you 7 do?
Woman: I'm a yoga teacher.
Agent: Where do you teach?
Woman: At the local sports centre. But if I moved to a bigger house, I'd want to 8 make one room into a yoga studio.
Agent: Well, this house would be a great place to 9 do yoga! Just 10 take your yoga mat outside onto the cliff. Imagine the sunrise over the waves, the solitude...
Woman: I suppose you would be alone there ... except for all the people who stop to 11 take photos of your house!
7. Look at the highlighted first conditional sentence in the text in exercise 6, and read the Learn this! box below. Complete rule a with present simple and will + verb. Then find two more examples in the text.
(Nhìn vào câu điều kiện loại 1 được tô nổi lên trong bài đọc ở bài số 6, và đọc hộp Learn this! ở dưới. Hoàn thành quy tắc a với thì hiện tại đơn và will + động từ. Sau đó tìm thêm hai ví dụ khác trong bài đọc.)
LEARN THIS! The first conditional(Câu điều kiện loại 1)
a. We use the first conditional to predict the result of an action. We use the (1) _____ to describe the action, and (2) _____ to describe the result.
If I get the job, I'll have to move to New York.
b. The if clause can come before or after the main clause. If it comes after, we don't use a comma.
I won’t take the job if it isn't challenging enough.
LEARN THIS! The first conditional(Câu điều kiện loại 1)
a. We use the first conditional to predict the result of an action. We use the (1) present simple to describe the action, and (2) will + verb to describe the result.
(Chúng ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 1 để dự đoán kết quả của một hành động. Ta sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn cho hành động và will + động từ để mô tả kết quả.)
If I get the job, I'll have to move to New York.
(Nếu mình có được công việc này, mình sẽ chuyển đến New York.)
b. The if clause can come before or after the main clause. If it comes after, we don't use a comma.
(Mệnh đề if có thể đi trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Nếu mệnh đề if đi sau, ta không cần dùng dấu phẩy.)
I won’t take the job if it isn't challenging enough.
(Mình sẽ không nhận công việc này nếu nó không đủ thử thách mình.)
Hai ví dụ khác:
If newspapers disappear entirely, we won't need newsagents.
(Nếu báo giấy biến mất hoàn toàn, chúng ta cũng không cần các quầy báo nữa.)
And what will happen if everyone learns online instead of in a classroom?
(Và điều gì sẽ xảy ra nếu như mọi người học trực tuyến thay vì trong một lớp học?)
Read the Learn this! box. Complete it with the words below. Use the article to help you.
affirmative negative plural questions singular
LEARN THIS! Indefinite pronouns a We use indefinite pronouns beginning with some- in 1___________ sentences. We use pronouns beginning with any- in 2___________ sentences and 3___________ b Indefinite pronouns take a 4___________ verb form. Nobody lives in that house. c But if we refer back to everyone or everybody, we treat them as 5___________. Everyone is here, aren't they? |
LEARN THIS! Indefinite pronouns
a We use indefinite pronouns beginning with some- in 1 affirmative sentences. We use pronouns beginning with any- in 2 negative sentences and 3 questions
b Indefinite pronouns take a 4 singular verb form.
Nobody lives in that house.
c But if we refer back to everyone or everybody, we treat them as 5 plural.
Everyone is here, aren't they?
(LEARN THIS! đại từ bất định
a Chúng ta sử dụng các đại từ không xác định bắt đầu bằng some trong câu khẳng định. Chúng ta dùng đại từ bắt đầu bằng any- trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi
b Đại từ bất định chia dạng động từ số ít.
Không ai sống trong ngôi nhà đó.
c Nhưng nếu chúng ta gọi lại mọi người hoặc mọi người, chúng ta coi họ là số nhiều.
Mọi người đều ở đây, phải không?)
Read the Learn this! Box. Find five stative verbs in the dialogue in exercise 2. How do you know they are stative verbs?
Five stative verbs in the dialogue in exercise 2: like, need, know, remember, mind.
(Năm động từ trạng thái trong đoạn hội thoại ở bài tập 2: like, need, know, memory, mind.)
I know they are stative verbs because they describe states or situations and are not used in continuous tenses.
(Tôi biết chúng là động từ trạng thái vì chúng mô tả trạng thái hoặc tình huống và không được sử dụng trong các thì tiếp diễn.)
Read the learn this! box. Underline an affirmative, a negative and an interrogative example of used to in the dialogue in exercise 1.
Grandad: Have you seen this photo of me when I was your age?
James: No. I haven't. Let me see. Wow! You used to have great hair!
Grandad: I know, I used to spend ages getting it just right. It's much quicker now.
James: Your clothes look cool too. Did you use to spend a lot of money on them?
Grandad: I didn't use to have much money. My mother made some of them. And l used to share clothes with my brother.
James: I used to do that too. But he doesn't let me borrow them now!
- Câu ví dụ khẳng định với “used to”:
You used to have great hair!
(Ông đã từng có mái tóc tuyệt vời!)
- Câu ví dụ phủ định với “used to”:
I didn't use to have much money.
(Ông đã từng không có nhiều tiền.)
- Câu ví dụ nghi vấn với “used to”:
Did you use to spend a lot of money on them?
(Ông đã từng chi tiêu rất nhiều tiền cho chúng đúng không?)