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\(ab+bc+ac=3\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{ab+1}\) ( đúng với mọi \(ab\ge1\))

Giả sử:\(ab\ge1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{ab+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2c^2+2+ab+1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\)

Giả sử: \(\dfrac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)(đúng)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2c^2+ab+3\right)\ge3\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4c^2+2ab+6\ge3\left(abc^2+ab+c^2+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4c^2+2ab+6\ge3abc^2+3ab+3c^2+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow c^2-ab-3abc^2+3\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow c^2-ab-3abc^2+ab+ac+bc\ge0\)   ( vì \(ab+ac+bc=3\) )

\(\Leftrightarrow c^2+ac+bc-3abc^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow c+a+b-3abc\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow c+a+b\ge3abc\)

Ta có:

\(3\left(c+a+b\right)=\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(c+a+b\right)\) ( vì \(ab+ac+bc=3\) )

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, ta có:

\(\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(c+a+b\right)\ge9abc\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3abc\)

\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{2c^2+ab+3}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( luôn đúng )

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đfcm )

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Hình như sai đề rồi bạn ạ, dấu ≥ phải là ≤

Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{y}{x};\dfrac{z}{y};\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{y}{x}\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{z}{y}\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x}{z}\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+1\right)}\)

\(VT=\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)

\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Em kiểm tra lại mẫu số của biểu thức c, chắc chắn đề sai

Chia 2 vế cho \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\) BĐT trở thành:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^4\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^4\left(a+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^4\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x};\dfrac{1}{y};\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) \(\Rightarrow xyz=1\)

\(\dfrac{1}{a^4\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\dfrac{x^4}{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}=\dfrac{x^4yz}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}=\dfrac{x^3}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\)

Do đó BĐT trở thành:

\(\dfrac{x^3}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\dfrac{y^3}{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\dfrac{z^3}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Một bài toán quen thuộc

Xét hiệu VT - VP

\(\dfrac{a+b}{bc+a^2}+\dfrac{b+c}{ab+b^2}+\dfrac{c+a}{ab+c^2}-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{a^2+ab-bc-a^2}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2+bc-ac-b^2}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2+ac-ab-c^2}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)

Do a,b,c bình đẳng nên giả sử a\(\ge\)b\(\ge\)c, khi đó \(b\left(a-c\right)\)\(\ge\)0, c(b-a)\(\le\)0, a(c-b)\(\le\)0

\(a^3\ge b^3\ge c^3=>abc+a^3\ge abc+b^3\ge abc+c^3\)=>\(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}\le\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\)

=> VT -VP \(\le\) \(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{ab-ac}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{ac-ab}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}-\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)

mà \(\dfrac{1}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\) nên VT-VP <0 đpcm

Ta viết bất đẳng thức đã cho lại thành

\(\sum\left[\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{\left(a+b+2c\right)}{2\left(ab+c^2\right)}\right]\ge\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2\prod\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a^2+bc\right)\left(b^2+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\prod\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)

Hay \(S_a\left(b-c\right)^2+S_b\left(c-a\right)^2+S_c\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\prod\left(ab+c^2\right)}\quad\left(1\right)\)

Vậy $VT\geq 0$ và $S_a+S_b\ge 0;S_b+S_c\ge 0.$ Nếu \(a\ge b\ge c\rightarrow VT\ge0\ge VP,\) ta chỉ xét \(a\le b\le c.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(S_a+S_b\right)\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(S_b+S_c\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left[\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\prod\left(ab+c^2\right)}-2S_b\right]\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\)

Đặt \(c=a+x+y,b=a+x\Rightarrow x=b-a;y=c-b\left(x,y\ge0\right)\) thay vào rút gọn các thứ là đpcm.

P/s: Cách này khá trâu nhưng chịu thôi, bài này mình nghĩ khá chặt.

\(3=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\Rightarrow abc\le1\)

\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(ab+ac\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+a\left(3-bc\right)}=\dfrac{1}{1+3a-abc}=\dfrac{1}{3a+\left(1-abc\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{3a}\)

Tương tự và cộng lại:

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{3a}+\dfrac{1}{3b}+\dfrac{1}{3c}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\dfrac{3}{3abc}=\dfrac{1}{abc}\)

câu hỏi là gì ?

xin lỗi, mình đánh thiếu. Chứng minh: P=1