1. Ta có: m _{dd A} = m_{Fe2O3 (pư)} + m _{dd H2SO4} 

⇒ m_{Fe2O3 (pư)} = 474 - m (g) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{474-m}{160}\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m.9,8\%}{98}\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9,8\%m}{98}=3.\dfrac{474-m}{160}\) \(\Rightarrow m=450\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{48}{160}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,45}{3}\), ta được Fe₂O₃ dư.

\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,15.400}{474}.100\%\approx12,66\%\)

2. Sau khi cho 48 (g) Fe₂O₃ vào 450 (g) dd H₂SO₄ thu được thì trong bình chứa dd A: 0,15 (mol) Fe₂(SO₄)₃ và 0,15 (mol) Fe₂O₃ dư.

\(SO_2+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+2H_2O\rightarrow2H_2SO_4+2FeSO_4\)

0,15________0,15_______________0,3________0,3 (mol)

\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

0,1___________0,3________0,1 (mol)

\(SO_2+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+2H_2O\rightarrow2H_2SO_4+2FeSO_4\)

0,1___________0,1______________0,2_________0,2 (mol)

\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

0,05_________0,15________0,05 (mol)

\(SO_2+Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+2H_2O\rightarrow2H_2SO_4+2FeSO_4\)

_0,05________0,05______________0,1_______0,1 (mol)

⇒ n_SO2 = 0,15 + 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,3 (mol)

⇒ m _{dd B} = 48 + 450 + 0,3.64 = 517,2 (g)

Dd B gồm: FeSO₄: 0,6 (mol) và H₂SO₄: 0,15 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,6.152}{517,2}.100\%\approx17,63\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.98}{517,2}.100\%\approx2,84\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a. \(nFe=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(mHCl=\dfrac{200.9,125}{100}=18,25\left(g\right)\)

\(nHCl=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

 \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

1        2               1           1   (mol)

0,2      0,4         0,2        0,2

LTL : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\)

=> Fe đủ , HCl dư

mHCl ( dư )  = 0,1 . 36,5 = 3,65(g)

b.

mFeCl2  = 0,2  . 127 = 25,4 (g)

mH2 = 0,2 . 2 = 0,4 (g)

mdd = mFe  + mdd HCl + mFeCl2 - mH2

mdd = 11,2 + 200 + 25,4 - 0,4 = 236,2(g)

\(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{236,2}=1,55\%\)

\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{25,4.100}{236,2}=10,75\%\)

\(C\%_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,4.100}{236,2}=0,17\%\)

bỏ C% h2 ra giùm mik mik lú:<

a,\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + H₂SO₄ →CuSO₄ + H₂O

Mol:     0,25      0,25         0,25

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{19,6}=125\left(g\right)\)

b,m_{dd sau pứ} = 20+125 = 145 (g)

\(C\%_{ddCuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.160.100\%}{145}=27,59\%\)

\(Cu+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2\)
0,3125    0,3125   0,3125        (mol)
a)\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{20}{64}=0,3125\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3125.98=30,625\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{30,625}{19,6}.100=156,25\left(g\right)\)
b)\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,3125.160=50\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddCuSO_4}=20+156,25=176,25\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{50}{176,25}.100\approx28,37\%\)

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ a.0,25.........0,25..........0,25.......0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:a=m_{ddH_2SO_4}\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddX}=a+20\left(g\right)\\Vì.axit.dư\Rightarrow m_{CuSO_4}=0,25.160=40\left(g\right)\\ \dfrac{40}{a+20}.100\%=16\%\Leftrightarrow a=230\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=230\left(g\right)\\ b.m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=230.19,6\%-0,25.98=20,58\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{20,58}{230+20}.100=8,232\%\)

\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{400.7\%}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.19,6\%}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2KOH + H₂SO₄ --> K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => KOH dư, H₂SO₄ hết

PTHH: 2KOH + H₂SO₄ --> K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

               0,4<----0,2-------->0,2

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KOH\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{K_2SO_4}=0,2.174=34,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

m_{dd sau pư} = 400 + 100 = 500 (g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{KOH.dư}=\dfrac{5,6}{500}.100\%=1,12\%\\C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{34,8}{500}.100\%=6,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{400.7}{100}:56=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.19,6}{100}:98=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

0,4             0,2            0,2

Lập tỉ lệ:

\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => KOH dư.

\(m_{dd}=400+100=500\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{KOH.dư}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.174.100}{500}=6,96\%\)

\(C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100}{500}=1,12\%\)

1.

n_Al=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol

m_HCl=\(\dfrac{175.14,6}{100}\)=25,55g

n_HCl=\(\dfrac{25,55}{36,5}\)=0,7

                     2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂↑

n trước pứ    0,2     0,7  

n pứ              0,2 →0,6  →    0,2  →  0,3  mol

n sau pứ       hết   dư 0,1

Sau pứ HCl dư.

m_HCl (dư)= 36,5.0,1=3,65g

m_{các chất sau pư}= 5,4 +175 - 0,3.2= 179,8g

m_AlCl3= 133,5.0,2=26,7g

C%_ddHCl (dư)= \(\dfrac{3,65.100}{179,8}=2,03%\)%

C%_ddAlCl3 = \(\dfrac{26,7.100}{179,8}\)= 14,85%

2.

           200ml= 0,2l

m_Mg= \(\dfrac{4,2}{24}=0,175mol\)

    Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂↑

0,175→ 0,35 → 0,175→0,175 mol

a) V_H2= 0,175.22,4=3,92l.

b)C%_dHCl= \(\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\)M

n_SO3 = \(\frac{1,2}{80}\) = 0,015 (mol)

SO₃ + H₂O \(\rightarrow\) H₂SO₄

0,015 -----------> 0,015 (mol)

a) C%(H₂SO₄) = \(\frac{0,015.98}{100}\) . 100% = 1,47%

b) n_MgO = \(\frac{5}{40}\) = 0,125 (mol)

PT: MgO + H₂SO₄ \(\rightarrow\) MgSO₄ + H₂O

bđ 0,125 .... 0,015 (mol)

pư 0,015\(\leftarrow\) 0,015 \(\rightarrow\) 0,015 (mol)

spư 0,1125 .... 0 .............. 0,015 (mol)

Sau pư, MgO dư

m_MgO = 0,1125 . 40 = 4,5 (g)

c) m _{dd spư} = 5 + 100 - 4,5 = 100,5 (g)

C% (MgSO₄)= \(\frac{0,015.120}{100,5}\) . 100% = 1,8%