\(A=2^1+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=2\left(1+2^1+2^2\right)+2^4\left(1+2^1+2^2\right)...+2^{2014}\left(1+2^1+2^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=2.7+2^4.7...+2^{2014}.7\)

\(\Rightarrow A=7\left(2+2^4...+2^{2014}\right)⋮7\)

\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)

a) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{80}\)

\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}\)

\(2A-A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{80}\)

\(A=2^{81}-1\)

Nên A + 1 là:

\(A+1=2^{81}-1+1=2^{81}\)

b) \(B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{99}\)

\(3B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)

\(3B-B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}-1-3-3^2-...-3^{99}\)

\(2B=3^{100}-1\)

Nên 2B + 1 là:

\(2B+1=3^{100}-1+1=3^{100}\)

2) 

a) \(2^x\cdot\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\right)+1=2^{2016}\)

Gọi:

\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)

\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)

\(A=2^{2016}-1\)

Ta có:

\(2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)+1=2^{2016}\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x=\dfrac{2^{2016}-1}{2^{2016}-1}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x=2^0\)

\(\Rightarrow x=0\)

b) \(8^x-1=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)

Gọi: \(B=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)

\(2B=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)

\(B=2^{2016}-1\)

Ta có:

\(8^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2^3\right)^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}-1=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}=2^{2016}\)

\(\Rightarrow3x=2016\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2016}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=672\)

a, 2.(x – 5)+7 = 77

<=> 2.(x – 5) = 70 <=> x – 5 = 35 <=> x = 40

b,  x - 1 3 - 3 5 : 3 4 + 2 . 2 3 = 14

<=> x - 1 3 - 3 + 2 4 = 14

<=>  x - 1 3 = 14 + 3 - 16 = 1

<=> x – 1 = 1 <=> x = 2

c,  1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 = 2 x - 1 - 1

Đặt: A = 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 => 2A =  2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2017

=> 2A – A = ( 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2017 ) – ( 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 )

=> A =  2 2017 - 1

Ta có:  1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 = 2 x - 1 - 1 =>  2 2017 - 1 =  2 x - 1 - 1 => x = 2018

d,  5 2 x - 3 - 2 . 5 2 = 5 2 . 3

<=>  5 2 x - 3 = 5 2 . 3 + 5 2 . 2

<=>  5 2 x - 3 = 5 2 . ( 3 + 2 )

<=>  5 2 x - 3 = 5 3

<=> 2x – 3 = 3 => x = 3

Vì a chia 7 dư 5 => a=7m+5 \(\left(m\in N\right)\)

   b chia 7 dư 2 => b=7n+2 \(\left(n\in N\right)\)

a) \(a+b=7n+2+7m+5=7n+7m+7=7.\left(m+n+1\right)\)

ta có: \(7⋮7\Rightarrow7.\left(m+n+1\right)⋮7\left(v\text{ì}m,n\in N\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)⋮7\)

=> (a+b):7 dư 0

Vậy (a+b):7 dư 0

b) \(a.b=\left(7m+5\right).\left(7n+2\right)=49mn+14m+35n+10=7.\left(7mn+2m+5n+1\right)+3\)

Có \(\hept{\begin{cases}7.\left(7mn+2m+5n+1\right)⋮7\left(v\text{ì}7⋮7;m,n\in N\right)\\3:7=0d\text{ }\text{ư}3\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow7.\left(7mn+2m+5n+1\right)+3:7d\text{ư}3\)

\(\Rightarrow a.b:7d\text{ư}3\)

Vậy a.b:7 dư 3

Tham khảo nhé~

Bài 2: 

Gọi số đó là n

Theo bài ra ta có:

\(n:11\)dư 6 \(\Rightarrow n-6⋮11\Rightarrow n-6+33⋮11\Leftrightarrow n+27⋮11\)

\(n:4\)dư 1 \(\Rightarrow n-1⋮4\Rightarrow n-1+28⋮4\Leftrightarrow n+27⋮4\)

\(n:19\)dư 11 \(\Rightarrow n-11⋮19\Rightarrow n-6+38⋮19\Leftrightarrow n+27⋮19\)

\(\Rightarrow n+27⋮11;4;9\)

Có: \(n+27\)nhỏ nhất \(\Leftrightarrow n+7=BCNN\left(11;4;9\right)=836\)

\(\Rightarrow n=836-27=809\)

Vậy số tự nhiên nhỏ nhất cần tìm là: \(809\) 

Ta có :A= (1+2)+(2²+2³+2⁴)+..........+(2²⁰¹⁵+2²⁰¹⁶+2²⁰¹⁷)

          A= 3.2².(1+2+2²)+.......+2²⁰¹⁵.(1+2+2²)

          A=3.2².7+........+2²⁰¹⁵.7

          A=3+7.(2²+.....+2²⁰¹⁵)

          A= 7.(2²+....+2^{2015) +3}

^{Vậy A chia  có dư r=3}

A = 1 + 2 + 2² +......+ 2²⁰¹⁶ + 2²⁰¹⁷

= (1 + 2) + (2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷) + ...... + (2²⁰¹⁵ + 2²⁰¹⁶ + 2²⁰¹⁷)

= 3 + 2²(1 + 2 + 2²) + 2⁵(1 + 2 + 2²) + .... + 2²⁰¹⁵(1 + 2 + 2²)

= 3 + 7(2² + 2⁵ +....+ 2²⁰¹⁵)

Ta thấy   7(2² + 2⁵ +....+ 2²⁰¹⁵)  \(⋮7\)

Vậy     A chia 7 dư 3

Nếu đúng nhớ k mình nha bạn ! 

CHÚC BẠN ỌC GIỎI !