a) Có:

 \(a+b+c=0\\\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ca=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2=\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=\dfrac{1}{4}-0=\dfrac{1}{4} \)

câu (b) cho đa thức P (x) = cái gì?

\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{3} \Leftrightarrow \dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}(vì a+b+c=3)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{1}{a}+ \dfrac{1}{b}= \dfrac{1}{a+b+c}- \dfrac{1}{c }\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{b+a}{ab}=\dfrac{c-a-b-c}{ac+bc+c^{2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{a+b}{-ac-bc-c^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{array}{} a+b=0\\ ab=-ac-bc-c^2 \end{array} \right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{array}{} a+b=0\\ ab+ac+bc+c^2=0 \end{array} \right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{array}{} a+b=0\\ (a+c)(b+c)=0 \end{array} \right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{array}{} a+b=0\\ a+c=0\\ b+c=0 \end{array} \right.\)

Vì vai trò của a,b,c là như nhau nên ta giả sử a+b=0

mà a+b+c=0 

\(\Rightarrow c=3\)

Thay c=3 vào biểu thức P ta có:

\(P=(a-3)^{2017}.(b-3)^{2017}.(3-3)^{2017} =0 \)

Vậy P=0

Vì \(a\ne1,b\ne1,c\ne1\)\(\Rightarrow a-1\ne0,b-1\ne0,c-1\ne0\)

Ta có : \(B=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}+\frac{\left(b-1\right)^2}{\left(c-1\right)\left(a-1\right)}+\frac{\left(c-1\right)^2}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^3}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}+\frac{\left(b-1\right)^3}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}+\frac{\left(c-1\right)^3}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^3+\left(b-1\right)^3+\left(c-1\right)^3}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}\left(1\right)\)

Lại có : \(\left(a-1\right)+\left(b-1\right)+\left(c-1\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)-3=3-3=0\)

Ta chứng minh tính chất sau : Nếu \(x+y+z=0\)thì \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)

Thật vậy :

Ta có : \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3\left(x+y\right)z-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-3\left(x+y\right)z-3xy]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx-3zx-3yz-3xy\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)luôn đúng , do \(x+y+z=0\)

Áp dụng vào , khi đó : \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{3\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}\)

Vì \(a-1\ne0,b-1\ne0,c-1\ne0\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ne0\)

\(\Rightarrow B=3\)

Vậy \(B=3\)

\(B=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^3+\left(b-1\right)^3+\left(c-1\right)^3}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}\)

Đặt \(a-1=x,b-1=y,z-1=z\)thì \(x+y+z=0\).

\(B=\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)+3xyz}{xyz}=\frac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)

a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc

=>(a+b)^3+c^3-3ab(a+b)-3bac=0

=>(a+b+c)(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2)-3ab(a+b+c)=0

=>(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc)=0

=>a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0

=>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0

=>(a-c)^2+(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2=0

=>a=b=c

=>A=(1+b/b)(1+b/b)(1+c/c)

=2*2*2=8