a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

b, Ta có: m _{dd tăng} = m_KL - m_H2

⇒ m_H2 = 16,6 - 15,6 = 1 (g) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 16,6 (1)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=0,5\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ n_Al = n_Fe = 0,2 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1.36,5}{40\%}=91,25\left(g\right)\)

⇒ m _{dd sau pư} = 91,25 + 15,6 = 106,85 (g)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{106,85}.100\%\approx24,98\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{106,85}.100\%\approx23,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{16,6-15,6}{2}=0,5mol\\ n_{HCl}=1mol\\ n_{Al}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ 27a+56b=16,6\\ 3a+2b=1\\ a=b=0,2\\ m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2g\\ m_{ddsau}=15,6+\dfrac{36,5}{0,4}=106,85g\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{133,5.0,2}{106,85}.100\%=24,99\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127.0,2}{106,85}.100\%=23,77\%\)

1 Ta có pthh như sau:
2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2
x mol x mol
Số mol HCl cần dùng để trung hòa dd kiềm là:
nHCl = 0,2.0,05 = 0,01 mol
NaOH + HCl---> NaCl + H2O
0,01mol 0,01mol
=> x = 0,01mol
=> mNa = 0,01 .23 =0,23 g
=> C% Na = 0,23.100%/1=23%
Vậy thành phần % về khối lượng của Na trong hỗn hợp trên là 23%

3

2Al + 3cuso4 => al2(so4)3 +3cu

64.3 – 27.2= 192 – 54 = 138

2mol Al pu thì dd giảm 138g => 1,38g ứng với 0,01mol Al => mAl = 0,27g

PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

            \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2\cdot56=11,2\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=16\left(g\right)\)

b+c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}+6n_{Fe_2O_3}=1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{36,5}{20\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(n_{FeCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_3}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot127=25,4\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_3}=0,2\cdot162,5=32,5\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hhA}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=209,3\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{25,4}{209,3}\cdot100\%\approx12,14\%\\C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{32,5}{209,3}\cdot100\%\approx15,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2|\)

        1         2             1           1

       0,2      0,4          0,2         0,2

     \(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O|\)

         1             6               2            3

        0,1         0,6             0,2

a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe2O3}=27,2-11,2=16\left(g\right)\)

b) Có : \(m_{Fe2O3}=16\left(g\right)\)

 \(n_{Fe2O3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,4+0,6=1\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{HCl}=1.36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{36,5.100}{20}=182,5\left(g\right)\)

c) \(n_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{FeCl2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{FeCl3}=\dfrac{0,6.2}{6}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{FeCl3}=0,2.162,5=32,5\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=27,2+182,5-\left(0,2.2\right)=209,3\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{FeCl2}=\dfrac{25,4.100}{209,3}=12,14\)⁰/₀

\(C_{FeCl3}=\dfrac{32,5.100}{209,3}=15,53\)⁰/₀

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