Bài 2: 

a) Ta có: \(\left|x-2\right|=\left|4-x\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-2=4-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=6\)

hay x=3

b) Ta có: \(\left(\left|2x-1\right|-3\right)\cdot\left(-2\right)+\left(-5\right)=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left|2x-1\right|-3\right)\cdot\left(-2\right)=11\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-1\right|-3=\dfrac{-11}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-1\right|=\dfrac{-11}{2}+\dfrac{6}{2}=\dfrac{-5}{2}\)(Vô lý)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

$P=(a+1)+\frac{2}{a+1}+2\geq 2\sqrt{(a+1).\frac{2}{a+1}}+2=2\sqrt{2}+2$

Vậy $P_{\min}=2\sqrt{2}+2$

Giá trị này đạt tại $(a+1)^2=2; a>0\Leftrightarrow a=\sqrt{2}-1$

------------------------

Bổ sung ĐK: $a>1$

$X=\frac{a^2-1+2}{a-1}=a+1+\frac{2}{a-1}$

$=(a-1)+\frac{2}{a-1}+2$

$\geq 2\sqrt{2}+2$ (AM-GM)

Vậy $X_{\min}=2\sqrt{2}+2$
Giá trị đạt tại $(a-1)^2=\sqrt{2}; a>1\Leftrightarrow a=\sqrt{2}+1$

a) Ta có:

1; 4; 7;...; 100 có (100 - 1) : 3 + 1 = 34 (số)

1 + 4 + 7+ ... + 100 = (100 + 1) × 34 : 2

= 101 × 17

(1 + 4 + 7 + ... + 100) : a = 17

101 × 17 : a = 17

a = 101 × 17 : 17

a = 100

b) (X - 1/2) × 5/3 = 7/4 - 1/2

(X - 1/2) × 5/3 = 5/4

X - 1/2 = 5/4 : 5/3

X - 1/2 = 3/4

X = 3/4 + 1/2

X = 5/4

a) (1 + 4 + 7 +...+ 100) : a = 17

1717 : a = 17

a = 101

b) \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\times\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{7}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\times\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{10}{8}\)

\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{10}{8}\div\dfrac{5}{3}\)

\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{10}{8}\times\dfrac{3}{5}\)

\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(x-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(x=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(x=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

a. (1+4+7+...+100):a=17 

=> ( 100 + 1) x 32 : 2 : a = 17

=> 1717 : a = 17 

=> a = 101

b. \(\left(X-\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{7}{4}-\dfrac{2}{4}\)

\(\left(X-\dfrac{1}{2}\right).\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(X-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(X=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

a/

$(x+1)+(x+2)+...+(x+100)=5750$

$(x+x+....+x)+(1+2+....+100)=5750$
Số lần xuất hiện của $x$:

$(100-1):1+1=100$

Suy ra:

$100x+(1+2+3+....+100)=5750$

$100x+100.101:2=5750$

$100x+5050=5750$

$100x=700$

$x=700:100$

$x=7$

b/

$x^2y-x+xy=6$

$x(xy-1+y)=6$

Do $x,y$ nguyên nên $xy-1+y$ cũng là số nguyên. Mà tích $x(xy-1+y)=6$ nên ta có các TH sau:

TH1: $x=1, xy-1+y=6$

$\Rightarrow y-1+y=6\Rightarrow y=\frac{7}{2}$ (loại) 

TH2: $x=-1, xy-1+y=-6$

$\Rightarrow -y-1+y=-6\Rightarrow -1=-6$ (vô lý - loại) 

TH3: $x=2, xy-1+y=3$

$\Rightarrow 2y-1+y=3\Rightarrow 3y=4\Rightarrow y=\frac{4}{3}$ (loại) 

TH4: $x=-2, xy-1+y=-3$

$\Rightarrow -2y-1+y=-3$

$\Rightarrow -y-1=-3\Rightarrow y=2$ (tm) 

TH5: $x=3, xy-1+y=2\Rightarrow 3y-1+y=2$

$\Rightarrow 4y=3\Rightarrow y=\frac{3}{4}$ (loại) 

TH6: $x=-3, xy-1+y=-2\Rightarrow -3y-1+y=-2$

$\Rightarrow -2y=-1\Rightarrow y=\frac{1}{2}$ (loại) 

TH7: $x=6, xy-1+y=1$

$\Rightarrow 6y-1+y=1\Rightarrow 7y=2\Rightarrow y=\frac{2}{7}$ (loại) 

TH8: $x=-6, xy-1+y=-1$

$\Rightarrow -6y-1+y=-1$

$\Rightarrow -5y=0\Rightarrow y=0$ (tm)

c/

$A=(1-5)+(9-13)+(17-21)+....+[(4k+1)-(4k+5)]+4k+9$ với $k$ nguyên. Trong đó $4k+9$ là số hạng cuối cùng.

$=(-4)+(-4)+(-4)+....+(-4)+4k+9$

Số lần xuất hiện của -4: $[(4k+5-1):4+1]:2=(k+2):2$

$A=(-4).\frac{k+2}{2}+4k+9=2013$

$-2(k+2)+4k+9=2013$

$2k+5=2013$

$2k=2008\Rightarrow k=1004$

Số số hạng của $A$: 

$\frac{k+2}{2}+1=\frac{1004+2}{2}+1=504$
Số hạng cuối cùng:
$4k+9=4.1004+9=4025$

a) \(A=\left(\dfrac{x}{x+3}-\dfrac{2}{x-3}+\dfrac{x^2-1}{9-x^2}\right):\left(2-\dfrac{x+5}{x+3}\right)\) (ĐK: \(x\ne\pm3\))

\(A=\left[\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}-\dfrac{2\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}-\dfrac{x^2-1}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}\right]:\left(2+\dfrac{x+5}{x+3}\right)\)

\(A=\dfrac{x^2-3x-2x-6-x^2+1}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}:\dfrac{2\left(x+3\right)-\left(x+5\right)}{x+3}\)

\(A=\dfrac{-5x-5}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+3}{x+1}\)

\(A=\dfrac{-5\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)

\(A=\dfrac{-5}{x-3}\)

b) Ta có: \(\left|x\right|=1\)

TH1: \(\left|x\right|=-x\) với \(x< 0\)

Pt trở thành:

\(-x=1\) (ĐK: \(x< 0\)) 

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\left(tm\right)\)

Thay \(x=-1\) vào A ta có:

\(A=\dfrac{-5}{x-3}=\dfrac{-5}{-1-3}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

TH2: \(\left|x\right|=x\) với \(x\ge0\)

Pt trở thành:

\(x=1\left(tm\right)\) (ĐK: \(x\ge0\)) 

Thay \(x=1\) vào A ta có:

\(A=\dfrac{-5}{x-3}=\dfrac{-5}{1-2}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

c) \(A=\dfrac{1}{2}\) khi:

\(\dfrac{-5}{x-3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-10=x-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-10+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-7\left(tm\right)\)

d) \(A\) nguyên khi:

\(\dfrac{-5}{x-3}\) nguyên

\(\Rightarrow x-3\inƯ\left(-5\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{8;-2;2;4\right\}\)

a: \(A=\left(\dfrac{x}{x+3}-\dfrac{2}{x-3}+\dfrac{x^2-1}{9-x^2}\right):\left(2-\dfrac{x+5}{x+3}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)-2\left(x+3\right)-x^2+1}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}:\dfrac{2x+6-x-5}{x+3}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2-3x-2x-6-x^2+1}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+3}{x+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{-5x-5}{\left(x-3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{-5}{x-3}\)

b: |x|=1

=>x=-1(loại) hoặc x=1(nhận)

Khi x=1 thì \(A=\dfrac{-5}{1-3}=-\dfrac{5}{-2}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

c: A=1/2

=>x-3=-10

=>x=-7

d: A nguyên

=>-5 chia hết cho x-3

=>x-3 thuộc {1;-1;5;-5}

=>x thuộc {4;2;8;-2}