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Lời giải:

a. Ta thấy:

$18x-30y=3(6x-10y)$ chia hết cho $3$ với mọi $x,y$ nguyên, mà $59$ không chia hết cho $3$

Do đó pt $18x-30y=59$ vô nghiệm.

b. $22x-5y=77$

$5y=22x-77=11(2x-7)\vdots 11$

$\Rightarrow y\vdots 11$. Đặt $y=11k$ với $k$ nguyên 

$22x-55k=77$

$2x-5k=7$

$2x=5k+7\vdots 2$

$\Rightarrow k$ lẻ. Đặt $k=2t+1$ với $t$ nguyên

$2x=5(2t+1)+7=10t+12$

$x=5t+6$

Vậy $(x,y)=(5t+6, 22t+11)$ với $t$ nguyên 

c.

$12x+19y=94$

$19y=94-12x\vdots 2\Rightarrow y\vdots 2$

Đặt $y=2k$ với $k$ nguyên. Khi đó:

$12x+38k=94$

$6x+19k=47$

$6k=47-19k=19(2-k)+9$

$\Rightarrow 6k-9\vdots 19$

$\Leftrightarrow 2k-3\vdots 19$

$\Leftrightarrow 2k-22\vdots 19$

$\Leftrightarrow k-11\vdots 19$

$\Rightarrow k=19t+11$ với $t$ nguyên

 \(x=\frac{47-19k}{6}=\frac{47-19(19t+11)}{6}=\frac{-162-361t}{6}=-27-\frac{361t}{6}\)

Để $x$ nguyên thì $t\vdots 6$. Khi đó đặt $t=6m$ với  $m$ nguyên 

Khi đó:

$y=2k=2(19t+11)=2(114m+11)=228m+22$

$x=-27-361m$ với $m$ nguyên bất kỳ.

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-18x^2+81-4x^2-8x-4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-9\right)^2-\left(2x+2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-9-2x-2\right)\left(x^2-9+2x+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x-10\right)\left(x^2+2x-7\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2-2x-10=0\\x^2+2x-7=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2=\pm\left(\sqrt{11}\right)^2\\\left(x+1\right)^2=\pm\left(\sqrt{8}\right)^2\end{cases}}}\)

                                                        ĐẾN ĐÂY BẠN TỰ LÀM NHÉ 

                                                 X= \(1+\sqrt{11}\),X=\(-1+\sqrt{11}\)

                                               X=\(-1-2\sqrt{2}\),X=\(-1+2\sqrt{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2=\pm\left(\sqrt{11}\right)\\\left(x+1\right)^2=\pm\left(\sqrt{8}\right)\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1+\sqrt{11}\\x=1-\sqrt{11}\end{cases}}\\\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-1+2\sqrt{2}\\x=-1-2\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\end{cases}}}\)

Ta có : \(\frac{x-12}{77}+\frac{x-11}{78}=\frac{x-74}{15}+\frac{x-73}{16}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x-12}{77}-1+\frac{x-11}{78}-1=\frac{x-74}{15}-1+\frac{x-73}{16}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x-89}{77}+\frac{x-89}{78}=\frac{x-89}{15}+\frac{x-89}{16}\Rightarrow\left(x-89\right).\left(\frac{1}{77}+\frac{1}{78}\right)=\left(x-89\right).\left(\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{16}\right)\)

=> \(\left(x-89\right).\left(\frac{1}{77}+\frac{1}{78}\right)-\left(x-89\right)\left(\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{16}\right)=0\)

=> \(\left(x-89\right).\left[\left(\frac{1}{77}+\frac{1}{78}-\frac{1}{15}-\frac{1}{16}\right)\right]=0\Rightarrow x-89=0\left(\text{vì }\frac{1}{77}+\frac{1}{78}-\frac{1}{15}-\frac{1}{16}\ne0\right)\)

=> x = 89

Vậy x = 89

\(\dfrac{x-12}{77}+\dfrac{x-11}{78}=\dfrac{x-74}{15}+\dfrac{x-73}{16}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x-12}{77}+\dfrac{x-11}{78}-\dfrac{x-74}{15}-\dfrac{x-73}{16}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x-12}{77}-1+\dfrac{x-11}{78}-1-\dfrac{x-74}{15}+1-\dfrac{x-73}{16}+1=0+1+1-1-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-12}{77}-1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x-11}{78}-1\right)-\left(\dfrac{x-74}{15}-1\right)-\left(\dfrac{x-73}{16}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x-89}{77}+\dfrac{x-89}{78}-\dfrac{x-89}{15}-\dfrac{x-89}{16}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-89\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{77}+\dfrac{1}{78}-\dfrac{1}{15}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-89=0\\\dfrac{1}{77}+\dfrac{1}{78}-\dfrac{1}{15}-\dfrac{1}{16}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(x-89=0\\ \Rightarrow x=89\)

\(\dfrac{1}{77}+\dfrac{1}{78}-\dfrac{1}{15}-\dfrac{1}{16}=0\)(vô lí)

Vậy \(x=89\)

sai, chắc vậy

Sửa đề: \(\dfrac{74-x}{26}+\dfrac{75-x}{25}+\dfrac{76-x}{24}+\dfrac{77-x}{23}+\dfrac{78-x}{22}=-5\)Ta có: \(\dfrac{74-x}{26}+\dfrac{75-x}{25}+\dfrac{76-x}{24}+\dfrac{77-x}{23}+\dfrac{78-x}{22}=-5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{74-x}{26}+1+\dfrac{75-x}{25}+1+\dfrac{76-x}{24}+1+\dfrac{77-x}{23}+1+\dfrac{78-x}{22}+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{100-x}{26}+\dfrac{100-x}{25}+\dfrac{100-x}{24}+\dfrac{100-x}{23}+\dfrac{100-x}{22}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(100-x\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{26}+\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{1}{24}+\dfrac{1}{23}+\dfrac{1}{22}\right)=0\)

mà \(\dfrac{1}{26}+\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{1}{24}+\dfrac{1}{23}+\dfrac{1}{22}>0\)

nên 100-x=0

hay x=100

Vậy: S={100}

Ta có : \(\dfrac{74-x}{26}+\dfrac{75-x}{25}+\dfrac{76-x}{24}+\dfrac{77-x}{23}+\dfrac{78-x}{22}=-5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{74-x}{26}+\dfrac{75-x}{25}+\dfrac{76-x}{24}+\dfrac{77-x}{23}+\dfrac{78-x}{22}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{74-x}{26}+1+\dfrac{75-x}{25}+1+\dfrac{76-x}{24}+1+\dfrac{77-x}{23}+1+\dfrac{78-x}{22}+1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{100-x}{26}+\dfrac{100-x}{25}+\dfrac{100-x}{24}+\dfrac{100-x}{23}+\dfrac{100-x}{22}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(100-x\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{26}+\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{1}{24}+\dfrac{1}{23}+\dfrac{1}{22}\right)=0\)

Thấy : \(\dfrac{1}{26}+\dfrac{1}{25}+\dfrac{1}{24}+\dfrac{1}{23}+\dfrac{1}{22}\ne0\)

\(\Rightarrow100-x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=100\)

Vậy ...

=-5 nha

1b)

Đặt \(\overline{abcd}=k^2\left(k\in N;32\le k\le99\right)\)

         Note : nếu k nằm ngoài khoảng giá trị ở trên thì k² sẽ có ít hơn hoặc nhiều hơn 4 chữ số

Theo bài cho :

\(\overline{ab}-\overline{cd}=1\Rightarrow\overline{ab}=\overline{cd}+1\Rightarrow\overline{abcd}=k^2\Leftrightarrow100\cdot\overline{ab}+\overline{cd}=k^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow100\cdot\overline{cd}+100+\overline{cd}=k^2\Leftrightarrow101\cdot\overline{cd}=k^2-100\Leftrightarrow101\overline{cd}=\left(k-10\right)\left(k+10\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}k-10⋮101\\k+10⋮101\end{cases}}\)

Mà \(\text{ }(k-10;101)=1\Rightarrow k+10⋮101\)

Lại có : \(32\le k\le99\Rightarrow42\le k+10\le109\)

\(\Rightarrow k+10=101\Rightarrow k=91\Rightarrow\overline{abcd}=91^2=8182\left(tm\right)\)

chị mk mới bày 

\(\frac{x-12}{77}+\frac{x-11}{78}=\frac{x-74}{15}+\frac{x-73}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x-12}{77}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-11}{78}-1\right)=\left(\frac{x-74}{15}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-73}{16}-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-12-77}{77}+\frac{x-11-78}{78}=\frac{x-74-15}{15}+\frac{x-73-16}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-89}{77}+\frac{x-89}{78}=\frac{x-89}{15}+\frac{x-89}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-89}{77}+\frac{x-89}{78}=\frac{x-89}{15}+\frac{x-89}{16}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-89\right)\left(\frac{1}{77}+\frac{1}{78}-\frac{1}{15}-\frac{1}{16}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-89=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=89\)

bạn sai đề hả? mình nghĩ là \(\frac{x-74}{75}+\frac{x-73}{76}\) câu này mình có làm rồi

Mày nhìn cái chóa j