Lời giải:
Nếu $a,b,c$ lập thành csc thì $b=a+m, c=a+2m$ với $m$ là công sai.

Khi đó:

$3(a^2+b^2+c^2)-6(a-b)^2=3[a^2+(a+m)^2+(a+2m)^2]-6(a-a-m)^2$

$=3(a^2+a^2+m^2+2am+a^2+4m^2+4am)-6m^2$

$=3(3a^2+5m^2+6am)=9a^2+15m^2+18am-6m^2$

$=9a^2+9m^2+18am$

$=9(a^2+m^2+2am)=9(a+m)^2=(3a+3m)^2$

$=(a+a+m+a+2m)^2=(a+b+c)^2$ (đpcm).

Đặt \(\frac{\left(a+b-c\right)}{2}=x;\frac{\left(c+a-b\right)}{2}=y;\frac{\left(b+c-a\right)}{2}=z\) thì x, y, z > 0(do a, b, c là độ dài 3 cạnh tam giác)

Và \(a=x+y;b=x+z;c=y+z\)

Thay vào, ta cần chứng minh: \(2\left[xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z+x\right)+6xyz\right]>0\) (luôn đúng do x, y, z > 0)

Done!

\(VT=\frac{b-a+a-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-b+b-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-c+c-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(=\frac{-1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{-1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{-1}{c-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}=VP\)

Ta có ; \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)

\(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{\left(b-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{b-a}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)

\(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{\left(c-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{c-b}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)

Cộng các vế lại với nhau được điều phải chứng minh.

A , B , C khác nhau thì bạn làm sao có thể cho : A-C = B đc ?
 

vo ly qua

Ta có: 

\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(=-\left(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right)\)

\(=2.\frac{-a^2-b^2-c^2+ab+bc+ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(=2.\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\)

tách hết ra rồi chuyển vế đổi dấu ra... => ĐPCM

Vì a=b=c nên ta có:

\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=3\left(b^2+b^2+b^2-b^2-b^2-b^2\right)=0\left(1\right)\)

\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2)\(\Rightarrow\)đpcm

@Bùi Hiền

a. \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2=a^2+b^2-2ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2=-2ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=0\Leftrightarrow a=-b\) (đpcm)

b. \(a^2+b^2+c^2+3=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3-2a-2b-2c=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+\left(c^2-2c+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)

Vì \(\left(a-1\right)^2;\left(b-1\right)^2;\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2=\left(b-1\right)^2=\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-1=b-1=c-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

c. \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

Tương tự câu b ta có a = b = c

Có :

\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\)

\(=a^2+b^2-2ab+b^2+c^2-2bc+c^2+a^2-2ac\)

\(=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ab\)

\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)

\(=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-3ab-3bc-3ac\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ab=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-3ab-3bc-3ac\)

Trừ cả 2 vế đi \(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc;\)có :

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-bc-ca-ac=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-bc-ca-ac\right)=0.2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)+\left(b^2+c^2-2bc\right)+\left(a^2+c^2-2ab\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b=b-c=c-a=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

Vậy ...

\(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b-c}=-\frac{b}{c-a}-\frac{c}{a-b}\)

\(=\frac{b}{a-c}+\frac{c}{b-a}\)

\(=\frac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\) ( 1 )
Tương tự,ta có:

\(\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{c^2-ba+ba-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\) ( 2 )
\(\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{a^2-ac+cb-b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\) ( 3 )
Cộng vế theo vế của ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) suy ra đpcm