a) Để hàm xác định thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge0\\\sqrt{x}-1\ne0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge0\\x\ne1\end{cases}}\)

b) Ta có: \(f\left(x\right)=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(\Rightarrow f\left(4-2\sqrt{3}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}+1}{\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}+1}{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}-2}\)

và \(f\left(a^2\right)=\frac{\sqrt{a^2}+1}{\sqrt{a^2}-1}=\frac{\left|a\right|+1}{\left|a\right|-1}\)(với \(a\ne\pm1\))

* Nếu \(a\ge0;a\ne1\)thì \(f\left(a^2\right)=\frac{a+1}{a-1}\)

* Nếu \(a< 0;a\ne-1\)thì \(f\left(a^2\right)=\frac{a-1}{a+1}\)

c) \(f\left(x\right)=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-1+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

Để f(x) nguyên thì \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)nguyên hay \(2⋮\sqrt{x}-1\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)

Mà \(\sqrt{x}-1\ge-1\)nên ta xét ba trường hợp:

+) \(\sqrt{x}-1=-1\Rightarrow x=0\left(tmđk\right)\)

+) \(\sqrt{x}-1=1\Rightarrow x=4\left(tmđk\right)\)

+) \(\sqrt{x}-1=2\Rightarrow x=9\left(tmđk\right)\)

Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;4;9\right\}\)thì f(x) có giá trị nguyên 

d) \(f\left(x\right)=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\); \(f\left(2x\right)=\frac{\sqrt{2x}+1}{\sqrt{2x}-1}\)

f(x) = f(2x) khi \(\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{2x}+1}{\sqrt{2x}-1}\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}-1\right)=\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x}+1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}x+\sqrt{2x}-\sqrt{x}-1=\sqrt{2}x-\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x}-\sqrt{x}=-\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{x}\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2x}=2\sqrt{x}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x}=\sqrt{x}\Leftrightarrow x=0\)(tmđk)

Vậy x = 0 thì f(x) = f(2x)

Lời giải:

Đặt \(u=\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1}); dv=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx\)

\(\Rightarrow du=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}; v=\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int \frac{d(x^2+1)}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}=\sqrt{x^2+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow \int \frac{x\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}dx=\int udv=uv-vdu=\sqrt{x^2+1}\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})-\int dx\)

\(=\sqrt{x^2+1}\ln (x+\sqrt{x^2+1})-x+C\)

Câu 1:

\(\int\limits^3_0\left(f'\left(x\right)+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\int\limits^3_0\sqrt{x+1}dx\)

\(=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\frac{14}{3}=\frac{302}{15}\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\frac{232}{15}\)

Ta có:

\(I=\int\limits^3_0\frac{f\left(x\right)dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=2\sqrt{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=2f\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}|^3_0-2\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx\)

\(=4f\left(3\right)-2f\left(0\right)-2.\frac{232}{15}\)

\(=2\left(2f\left(3\right)-f\left(0\right)\right)-\frac{464}{15}=36-\frac{464}{15}=\frac{76}{15}\)

Câu 2:

\(I_1=\int\limits^3_1\frac{xf'\left(x\right)}{x+1}dx=0\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{x}{x+1}\\dv=f'\left(x\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\\v=f\left(x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I_1=\frac{xf\left(x\right)}{x+1}|^3_1-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{3.3}{3+1}-\frac{1.3}{1+1}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}\)

Ta có:

\(I=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)+lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx+\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}+I_2\)

Xét \(I_2=\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{dx}{x}\\v=\frac{-1}{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I_2=\frac{-lnx}{x+1}|^3_1+\int\limits^3_1\frac{dx}{x\left(x+1\right)}=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)dx\)

\(=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\left(\frac{x}{x+1}\right)|^3_1=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\frac{3}{4}-ln\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)

Làm xuôi thì đơn giản, tính \(F'\left(x\right)\) là xong (chịu khó biến đổi)

Làm ngược thì nhìn biểu thức hơi thiếu thân thiện

\(\int\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(x^2-1\right)}{x^4+1}dx=\int\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1\right)}dx\)

Phân tách hệ số bất định:

\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1\right)}=\dfrac{a\left(2x-\sqrt{2}\right)}{x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{b\left(2x+\sqrt{2}\right)}{x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1}\)

Quan tâm tử số: \(a\left(2x-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1\right)+b\left(2x+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1\right)\)

\(=2\left(a+b\right)x^3+\sqrt{2}\left(a-b\right)x^2+\sqrt{2}\left(b-a\right)\)

Đồng nhất 2 tử số: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0\\a-b=2\\\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Do đó:

\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}\left(x^2-1\right)}{x^4+1}=\dfrac{2x-\sqrt{2}}{x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{2}}{x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1}\)

a: TXĐ: D=R

b: \(f\left(-1\right)=\dfrac{2}{-1-1}=\dfrac{2}{-2}=-1\)

\(f\left(0\right)=\sqrt{0+1}=1\)

\(f\left(1\right)=\sqrt{1+1}=\sqrt{2}\)

\(f\left(2\right)=\sqrt{3}\)