Tham khảo:

Dựng hình bình hành OAMB và OCND như hình dưới:

Khi đó: \(\overrightarrow {OM}  = \overrightarrow {OA}  + \overrightarrow {OB} \) và \(\overrightarrow {ON}  = \overrightarrow {OC}  + \overrightarrow {OD} \).

Dễ thấy:

\(\overrightarrow {OA}  = 3\;\overrightarrow i ;\;\,\overrightarrow {OB}  = 5\;\overrightarrow j \) và \(\overrightarrow {OC}  =  - 2\;\overrightarrow i ;\;\,\overrightarrow {OD}  = \frac{5}{2}\;\overrightarrow j \)

\( \Rightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {OM}  = 3\;\overrightarrow i  + 5\;\overrightarrow j \\\overrightarrow {ON}  =  - 2\;\overrightarrow i  + \frac{5}{2}\;\overrightarrow j \end{array} \right.\)

b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {MN}  = \overrightarrow {ON}  - \;\overrightarrow {OM} \) (quy tắc hiệu)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {MN}  = \left( { - 2\;\overrightarrow i  + \frac{5}{2}\;\overrightarrow j } \right) - \left( {\;3\;\overrightarrow i  + 5\;\overrightarrow j } \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {MN}  = \left( { - 2\;\overrightarrow i  - 3\;\overrightarrow i } \right) + \left( {\frac{5}{2}\;\overrightarrow j  - 5\;\overrightarrow j } \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {MN}  =  - 5\;\overrightarrow i  - \frac{5}{2}\;\overrightarrow j \end{array}\)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow {MN}  =  - 5\;\overrightarrow i  - \frac{5}{2}\;\overrightarrow j \).

a.

\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BM}\)

b.

\(\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{EM}=3\overrightarrow{EA}+3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow4\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AM}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{BE}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AE}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{5}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{8}{5}\overrightarrow{BE}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) B, E, K thẳng hàng

Dựa theo đề bài ta có hình vẽ: 

Ta có: MA = 2MB; BN = 5CN => BN = 5/6 BC 

Có \(\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BN}=-\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

Áp dụng định lí menelaus cho tam giác ABN

\(\frac{MA}{MB}.\frac{CB}{CN}.\frac{IN}{IA}=1\)=> \(\frac{2}{1}.\frac{6}{1}.\frac{IN}{IA}=1\Rightarrow IA=12IN\)=> \(\overrightarrow{AI}=\frac{12}{13}\overrightarrow{AN}\)

Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{12}{13}\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{12}{13}\left(-\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{5}{6}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)rút gọn tính tiếp nhé

1.

Gọi G là trọng tâm tam giác

\(\overrightarrow{OA}+\overrightarrow{OB}+\overrightarrow{OC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\overrightarrow{OG}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow O\equiv G\)

\(\Rightarrow O\) là trọng tâm tam giác ABC

\(\Rightarrow\Delta ABC\) đều

Gọi độ dài các cạnh tam giác là a

\(\overrightarrow{BN}.\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{4}a^2-\dfrac{1}{8}a^2-\dfrac{1}{8}a^2+\dfrac{1}{2}a^2=0\)

Mặt khác \(\overrightarrow{BN}.\overrightarrow{AM}=BN.AM.cos\left(\overrightarrow{AM};\overrightarrow{BN}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow BN.AM.cos\left(\overrightarrow{AM};\overrightarrow{BN}\right)=0\Rightarrow cos\left(\overrightarrow{AM};\overrightarrow{BN}\right)=0\Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{AM};\overrightarrow{BN}\right)=90^o\)

\(BD=\dfrac{AB}{cos45^o}=\dfrac{a}{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}=a\sqrt{2}\)

\(\overrightarrow{BQ}.\overrightarrow{BP}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}BA.BC.cos90^o+\dfrac{1}{4}BA.BD.cos45^o+\dfrac{1}{4}BD.BC.cos45^o+\dfrac{1}{4}BD^2\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}a^2+\dfrac{1}{4}a^2+\dfrac{1}{2}a^2=a^2\)

Cách 1:

Gọi O là giao điểm của AC và BD.

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AG}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow {BG} ;\\\overrightarrow {CG}  = \overrightarrow {CB}  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = \overrightarrow {DA}  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = - \overrightarrow b  + \overrightarrow {BG} ;\end{array}\)(*)

Lại có: \(\overrightarrow {BD} =\overrightarrow {BA}  + \overrightarrow {AD} =  - \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b \).

\(\overrightarrow {BG} ,\overrightarrow {BD} \) cùng phương và \(\left| {\overrightarrow {BG} } \right| = \frac{2}{3}BO = \frac{1}{3}\left| {\overrightarrow {BD} } \right|\)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {BG}  = \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow {BD}  = \frac{1}{3}\left( { - \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b } \right)\)

Do đó (*) \( \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AG}  = \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = \overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\left( { - \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\\\overrightarrow {CG}  = -\overrightarrow b  + \overrightarrow {BG}  = -\overrightarrow b  + \frac{1}{3}\left( { - \overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b } \right) =  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\end{array} \right.\)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow {AG}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\;\overrightarrow {CG}  =  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b .\)

Cách 2:

Gọi AE, CF là các trung tuyến trong tam giác ABC.

Ta có: 

\(\overrightarrow {AG}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {AE}  = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AC} } \right) = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left[ {\overrightarrow {AB}  + \left( {\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD} } \right)} \right] \\= \frac{1}{3}\left( {2\overrightarrow a  + \overrightarrow b } \right) = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b \)

\(\overrightarrow {CG}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow {CF}  = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left( {\overrightarrow {CA}  + \overrightarrow {CB} } \right) = \frac{2}{3}.\frac{1}{2}\left[ {\left( {\overrightarrow {CB}  + \overrightarrow {CD} } \right) + \overrightarrow {CB} } \right] = \frac{1}{3}\left( {2\overrightarrow {CB}  + \overrightarrow {CD} } \right) = \frac{1}{3}\left( { - 2\overrightarrow {AD}  - \overrightarrow {AB} } \right) =  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b \)

Vậy \(\overrightarrow {AG}  = \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow a  + \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow b ;\;\overrightarrow {CG}  =  - \frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow a  - \frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow b .\)