a)

⇒ \(\frac{11x-1}{4}=\frac{10}{4}\)

⇒ 11x - 1 = 10

11x = 10 + 1 = 11

x = 11 : 11 = 1

b)

\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-6=0\\\frac{x}{9}-\frac{1}{3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=0+6\\\frac{x}{9}=0+\frac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=6\\\frac{x}{9}=\frac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=6:3\\\frac{x}{9}=\frac{3}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy x = 2 hoặc x = 3

c)

\(M=c\left(\frac{5}{7}+\frac{7}{14}-\frac{17}{14}\right)\)

\(M=c\left(\frac{10}{14}+\frac{7}{14}-\frac{17}{14}\right)\)

\(M=\left(\frac{2018}{2019}-\frac{2019}{2020}\right).0\)

M = 0

d)

\(N=\frac{-7}{13}+2-\frac{19}{13}+\frac{2020}{2018}.\frac{2018}{202}\)

\(N=\left(\frac{-7}{13}-\frac{19}{13}\right)+2+10\)

N = \(-2+2+10\)

N = 10

Bài 2:

\(C=\frac{2019}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)

Vì C có tử = 2019 ko đổi

\(\Rightarrow\) Để C đạt max thì mẫu phải đạt min

+Có:\(\sqrt{x}\ge0với\forall x\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+3\ge3\)

+Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi ......tự lm :))

\(\Rightarrow\)Mẫu đạt min = 3 khi x=...

\(\Rightarrow\)C max = ... khi x=....

BÀi 1:

\(B=\left|x-2018\right|+\left|x-2019\right|+\left|x-2020\right|\\ \Leftrightarrow B=\left|x-2018\right|+\left|2020-x\right|+\left|x-2019\right|\\ \Leftrightarrow B=2+\left|x-2019\right|\\ \Leftrightarrow B\ge2\)

+Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2018\ge0\\x-2019\ge0\\x-2020\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2019\)

+Vậy \(B_{min}=2\) khi \(x=2019\)

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\frac{a^2}{a+2b}+\frac{b^2}{2a+b}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{a+2b+2a+b}=\frac{(a+b)^2}{3(a+b)}=\frac{a+b}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{a}{a+2b}=\frac{b}{2a+b}\\ a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2:

Vì $x+y=2019$ nên $2019-x=y; 2019-y=x$

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{2019-x}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{2019-y}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{x}}\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}\)

Mà theo BĐT AM-GM và Bunhiacopxky:

\((x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x})^2\leq (xy+yx)(x+y)=2xy(x+y)\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}.(x+y)=\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)^3}{2}}}=\sqrt{2(x+y)}=\sqrt{2.2019}=\sqrt{4038}\)

Vậy \(P_{\min}=\sqrt{4038}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{2019}{2}\)

Bài 3:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(1=\frac{2018}{x}+\frac{2019}{y}=\frac{(\sqrt{2018})^2}{x}+\frac{(\sqrt{2019})^2}{y}\geq \frac{(\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019})^2}{x+y}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=x+y\geq (\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019})^2\)

Vậy \(P_{\min}=(\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019})^2\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{\sqrt{2018}}{x}=\frac{\sqrt{2019}}{y}\\ \frac{2018}{x}+\frac{2018}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{\sqrt{2018}}{\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}; y=\frac{\sqrt{2019}}{\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}\)

---------------------

Tóm lại, những bài này bạn sử dụng 2 công cụ chính:

BĐT AM-GM (quá quen thuộc)

BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\frac{a_1^2}{b_1}+\frac{a_2^2}{b_2}+\frac{a_3^2}{b_3}+...+\frac{a_n^2}{b_n}\ge \frac{(a_1+a_2+...+a_n)^2}{b_1+b_2+...+b_n}\)

Bài 3:

Dễ thấy 2016²⁰¹⁹ \(⋮\) 4; 8²⁰¹⁸ \(⋮\) 4. Đặt 2016²⁰¹⁹ = 4k; 8²⁰¹⁸ = 4h \(\left(k,h\in N\right)\).

Ta có: \(2A=7^{4k}-3^{4h}=2401^k-81^h=...1-\left(...1\right)=...0\)

Từ đó 2A chia hết cho 5.

Mà A là số tự nhiên và (2; 5) = 1 nên A chia hết cho 5.

Bài 1: Bạn coi lại đề bài nhé!

Bài 2:

a) Lại sai tiếp?

b) A = 1 + 2 + 6 + 24 + (5! + 6! + ... + 2014!)

= 33 + (5! + 6! + ... + 2014!)

Ta thấy các 5!; 6!; ...; 2014! đều có tận cùng bằng 0, còn 33 tận cùng bằng 3. Do đó A tận cùng bằng 3.

Vậy A không là số chính phương.

đặt 2²⁰¹⁸ = a ; 3²⁰¹⁹ = b ; 5²⁰²⁰ = c

Ta có : \(A=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{a+b+c}=1\)

\(B=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)

\(2B=\frac{2}{1.2}+\frac{2}{3.4}+...+\frac{2}{2019.2020}\)

\(< 1+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2018.2019}+\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)

\(2B< 1+\frac{3-2}{2.3}+\frac{4-3}{3.4}+....+\frac{2019-2018}{2018.2019}+\frac{2020-2019}{2019.2020}\)

\(2B< 1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}=1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2020}< 1+\frac{1}{2}\)

\(B< \frac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow A>1>\frac{3}{4}>B\)

Mình chỉ biết cách tính B thôi, đây nhé:

B= \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)

B=\(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\)

\(B=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2019}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2020}\right)\)

\(B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2020}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2020}\right)\)

\(B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2020}\right)-2\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{1010}\right)\)

\(B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2020}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{1010}\right)\)

\(B=\frac{1}{1011}+\frac{1}{1012}+....+\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{1}{2020}\)

Bài 2:

Ta có:

\(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+xz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+y^2-2xy)+(y^2+z^2-2yz)+(z^2+x^2-2xz)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=0\)

Ta thấy $(x-y)^2; (y-z)^2; (z-x)^2\geq 0, \forall x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}$

Do đó để $(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=0$ thì $(x-y)^2=(y-z)^2=(z-x)^2=0$

Hay $x=y=z$

Thay vào điều kiện thứ 2:

$\Rightarrow x^{2016}+x^{2016}+x^{2016}=3^{2017}$

$\Leftrightarrow 3.x^{2016}=3^{2017}$

$\Leftrightarrow $x=3$

$\Rightarrow y=z=x=3$

Vậy $x=y=z=3$

Bài 1:

\(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=2\Leftrightarrow (x+\frac{1}{x})^2-2.x.\frac{1}{x}=7\Leftrightarrow (x+\frac{1}{x})^2=9\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}=3\) (do \(x>0\rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}>0\))

\(\Rightarrow (x+\frac{1}{x})^3=27\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}+3x.\frac{1}{x}(x+\frac{1}{x})=27\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}+3.3=27\Leftrightarrow x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}=18\)

Do đó:

\(x^5+\frac{1}{x^5}=(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2})(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3})-(x+\frac{1}{x})=7.18-3=123\)

Bài 2:

Ta có:

\(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+xz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+y^2-2xy)+(y^2+z^2-2yz)+(z^2+x^2-2xz)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=0\)

Ta thấy $(x-y)^2; (y-z)^2; (z-x)^2\geq 0, \forall x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}$

Do đó để $(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=0$ thì $(x-y)^2=(y-z)^2=(z-x)^2=0$

Hay $x=y=z$

Thay vào điều kiện thứ 2:

$\Rightarrow x^{2016}+x^{2016}+x^{2016}=3^{2017}$

$\Leftrightarrow 3.x^{2016}=3^{2017}$

$\Leftrightarrow $x=3$

$\Rightarrow y=z=x=3$

Vậy $x=y=z=3$

Đặt \(t=-x\Rightarrow dx=-dt\)

\(I=\int\limits^{-2}_2\frac{t^{2018}}{e^{-t}+1}\left(-dt\right)=\int\limits^2_{-2}\frac{e^t.t^{2018}}{e^t+1}dt=\int\limits^2_{-2}\frac{e^x.x^{2018}}{e^x+1}dx\)

\(\Rightarrow I+I=\int\limits^2_{-2}\frac{x^{2018}+e^x.x^{2018}}{e^x+1}dx=\int\limits^2_{-2}x^{2018}dx=\frac{2.2^{2019}}{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{2^{2019}}{2019}\)