\(a=lim\frac{\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^n+1}{3\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^n-12}=-\frac{1}{12}\)

\(b=lim\frac{4\left(\frac{4}{10}\right)^n+1}{\left(\frac{3}{10}\right)^n-40}=-\frac{1}{40}\)

\(c=lim\frac{1-\left(\frac{2}{12}\right)^n}{1+45\left(\frac{3}{12}\right)^n}=\frac{1}{1}=1\)

\(d=\frac{\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)^n+1}{-2\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)^n-12+2\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^n}=-\frac{1}{12}\)

\(e=\frac{1-11\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^n}{\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^n+14\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^n}=\frac{1}{0}=+\infty\)

\(f=\frac{\left(\frac{2}{5}\right)^n-3+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^n}{3\left(\frac{2}{5}\right)^n+28\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^n}=\frac{-3}{0}=-\infty\)

a) \(\lim \frac{{ - 2n + 1}}{n} = \lim \frac{{n\left( { - 2 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}}{n} = \lim \left( { - 2 + \frac{1}{n}} \right) =  - 2\)

b) \(\lim \frac{{\sqrt {16{n^2} - 2} }}{n} = \lim \frac{{\sqrt {{n^2}\left( {16 - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} \right)} }}{n} = \lim \frac{{n\sqrt {16 - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} }}{n} = \lim \sqrt {16 - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}}  = 4\)

c) \(\lim \frac{4}{{2n + 1}} = \lim \frac{4}{{n\left( {2 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}} = \lim \left( {\frac{4}{n}.\frac{1}{{2 + \frac{1}{n}}}} \right) = \lim \frac{4}{n}.\lim \frac{1}{{2 + \frac{1}{n}}} = 0\)

d) \(\lim \frac{{{n^2} - 2n + 3}}{{2{n^2}}} = \lim \frac{{{n^2}\left( {1 - \frac{2}{n} + \frac{3}{{{n^2}}}} \right)}}{{2{n^2}}} = \lim \frac{{1 - \frac{2}{n} + \frac{3}{{{n^2}}}}}{2} = \frac{1}{2}\)

a) \(\lim\limits\dfrac{2n^2+3n}{n^2+1}=\lim\limits\dfrac{n^2\left(2+\dfrac{3n}{n^2}\right)}{n^2\left(1+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)}=\lim\limits\dfrac{2+\dfrac{3}{n}}{1+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}=2\).

b) \(\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt{4n^2+3}}{n}\\ =\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt{n^2\left(4+\dfrac{3}{n^2}\right)}}{n}\\ =\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt[n]{4+\dfrac{3}{n^2}}}{n}\\ =\lim\limits\sqrt{4+\dfrac{3}{n^2}}\\ =2.\)

a) \(\lim\limits3=3\) vì \(3\) là hằng số.

Áp dụng giới hạn cơ bản với \(k=2\), ta có:\(\lim\limits\dfrac{1}{n^2}=0\).

b) \(\lim\limits\left(3+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)=\lim\limits3+\lim\limits\dfrac{1}{n^2}=3\).

a) \(\lim \frac{{2{n^2} + 6n + 1}}{{8{n^2} + 5}} = \lim \frac{{{n^2}\left( {2 + \frac{6}{n} + \frac{1}{{{n^2}}}} \right)}}{{{n^2}\left( {8 + \frac{5}{{{n^2}}}} \right)}} = \lim \frac{{2 + \frac{6}{n} + \frac{1}{n}}}{{8 + \frac{5}{n}}} = \frac{2}{8} = \frac{1}{4}\)

b) \(\lim \frac{{4{n^2} - 3n + 1}}{{ - 3{n^3} + 6{n^2} - 2}} = \lim \frac{{{n^3}\left( {\frac{4}{n} - \frac{3}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{n^3}}}} \right)}}{{{n^3}\left( { - 3 + \frac{6}{n} - \frac{2}{{{n^3}}}} \right)}} = \lim \frac{{\frac{4}{n} - \frac{3}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{n^3}}}}}{{ - 3 + \frac{6}{n} - \frac{2}{{{n^3}}}}} = \frac{{0 - 0 + 0}}{{ - 3 + 0 - 0}} = 0\).

c) \(\lim \frac{{\sqrt {4{n^2} - n + 3} }}{{8n - 5}} = \lim \frac{{n\sqrt {4 - \frac{1}{n} + \frac{3}{{{n^2}}}} }}{{n\left( {8 - \frac{5}{n}} \right)}} = \frac{{\sqrt {4 - 0 + 0} }}{{8 - 0}} = \frac{2}{8} = \frac{1}{4}\).

d) \(\lim \left( {4 - \frac{{{2^{{\rm{n}} + 1}}}}{{{3^{\rm{n}}}}}} \right) = \lim \left( {4 - 2 \cdot {{\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)}^{\rm{n}}}} \right) = 4 - 2.0 = 4\).

e) \(\lim \frac{{{{4.5}^{\rm{n}}} + {2^{{\rm{n}} + 2}}}}{{{{6.5}^{\rm{n}}}}} = \lim \frac{{{{4.5}^{\rm{n}}} + {2^2}{{.2}^{\rm{n}}}}}{{{{6.5}^{\rm{n}}}}} = \lim \frac{{{5^n}.\left[ {4 + 4.{{\left( {\frac{2}{5}} \right)}^{\rm{n}}}} \right]}}{{{{6.5}^n}}} = \lim \frac{{4 + 4.{{\left( {\frac{2}{5}} \right)}^{\rm{n}}}}}{6} = \frac{{4 + 4.0}}{6} = \frac{2}{3}\).

g) \(\lim \frac{{2 + \frac{4}{{{n^3}}}}}{{{6^{\rm{n}}}}} = \lim \left( {2 + \frac{4}{{{{\rm{n}}^3}}}} \right).\lim {\left( {\frac{1}{6}} \right)^{\rm{n}}} = \left( {2 + 0} \right).0 = 0\).

1.

\(\lim \frac{3n^2+5n+4}{2-n^2}=\lim \frac{\frac{3n^2+5n+4}{n^2}}{\frac{2-n^2}{n^2}}=\lim \frac{3+\frac{5}{n}+\frac{4}{n^2}}{\frac{2}{n^2}-1}=\frac{3}{-1}=-3\)

2.

\(\lim \frac{2n^3-4n^2+3n+7}{n^3-7n+5}=\lim \frac{\frac{2n^3-4n^2+3n+7}{n^3}}{\frac{n^3-7n+5}{n^3}}=\lim \frac{2-\frac{4}{n}+\frac{3}{n^2}+\frac{7}{n^3}}{1-\frac{7}{n^2}+\frac{5}{n^3}}=\frac{2}{1}=2\)

3.

\(\lim (\frac{2n^3}{2n^2+3}+\frac{1-5n^2}{5n+1})=\lim (n-\frac{3n}{2n^2+3}+\frac{1}{5}-n-\frac{1}{5n+1})\)

\(=\frac{1}{5}-\lim (\frac{3n}{2n^2+3}+\frac{1}{5n+1})=\frac{1}{5}-\lim (\frac{3}{2n+\frac{3}{n}}+\frac{1}{5n+1})=\frac{1}{5}-0=\frac{1}{5}\)

4.

\(\lim \frac{1+3^n}{4+3^n}=\lim (1-\frac{3}{4+3^n})=1-\lim \frac{3}{4+3^n}=1-0=1\)

5.

\(\lim \frac{4.3^n+7^{n+1}}{2.5^n+7^n}=\lim \frac{\frac{4.3^n+7^{n+1}}{7^n}}{\frac{2.5^n+7^n}{7^n}}\)

\(=\lim \frac{4.(\frac{3}{7})^n+7}{2.(\frac{5}{7})^n+1}=\frac{7}{1}=7\)