Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức:

a) Ta có: 

\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)

\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

\(M=2\cdot\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)

\(M=2\cdot\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+2,5\right]\)

\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)

Mà: \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên:

\(M=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(2\left(x+1\right)^2+5=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy: \(M_{min}=5\) khi \(x=-1\)

b) Ta có:

\(N=x^2-x+1\)

\(N=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Mà: \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên \(N=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu '=" xảy ra: 

\(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy: \(N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức

a) Ta có: 

\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)

\(E=-\left(4x^2-x+1\right)\)

\(E=-\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2\cdot2x\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)

\(E=-\left[\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\)

Mà: \(\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\ge\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\) nên 

\(\Rightarrow E=-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(-\left[\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{16}\right]=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(2x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{1}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

Vậy: \(E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

b) Ta có:

\(F=5x-3x^2+6\)

\(F=-3x^2+5x-6\)

\(F=-\left(3x^2-5x-6\right)\)

\(F=-3\left(x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x-2\right)\)

\(F=-3\left[\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{97}{36}\right]\)

\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\)

Mà: \(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2\le0\forall x\) nên:

\(F=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}\le\dfrac{97}{36}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{36}=\dfrac{97}{36}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

Vậy: \(F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{36}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(M=2x^2+4x+7\)

\(=2\left(x^2+2x+\dfrac{7}{2}\right)\)

\(=2\left(x^2+2x+1+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)

\(=2\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{2}\right]\)

\(=2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\)

Vì \(2\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow M_{min}=5\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Tương tự: \(N=x^2-x+1\)

\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow N_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(E=-4x^2+x-1\)

\(=-4\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

\(=-4\left[x^2-2.x.\dfrac{1}{8}+\left(\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\right]\)

\(=-4\left[\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{15}{64}\right]\)

\(=-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}\)

Vì \(-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2-\dfrac{15}{16}\le-\dfrac{15}{16}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=-\dfrac{15}{16}\Leftrightarrow-4\left(x-\dfrac{1}{8}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{8}\)

Tương tự: \(F=5x-3x^2+6\)

\(=-3x^2+5x+6\)

\(=-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{97}{12}\le\dfrac{97}{12}\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow F_{max}=\dfrac{97}{12}\Leftrightarrow-3\left(x-\dfrac{5}{6}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{6}\)

\(A=\dfrac{n-3}{n+2}=1-\dfrac{5}{n+2}\)

TH1 : n >=-1 => n+2>=1 >0

\(\Rightarrow A\ge1-\dfrac{5}{1}=-4\)

Dấu = khi n=-1

TH2: n<= -3 => n+2<=-1 <0 

\(\Rightarrow A\le1-\dfrac{5}{-1}=6\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi n=-3

\(A=\dfrac{n-3}{n+2}=1-\dfrac{5}{n+2}\left(n\ne-2\right)\)

Vì n là số nguyên khác -2

TH1 : \(n\ge-1\Leftrightarrow n+2\ge1>0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{n+2}\le\dfrac{5}{1}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{5}{n+2}\ge1-5\Leftrightarrow A\ge-4\)

\(n+2>0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{n+2}>0\Leftrightarrow A< 1\)

Vậy với \(n\ge-1\)thì \(-4\le A< 1\left(1\right)\)

TH2: \(n\le-3\Leftrightarrow n+2\le-1< 0\Leftrightarrow-\left(n+2\right)\ge1>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{-\left(n+2\right)}\le\dfrac{5}{1}=5\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{n+2}\ge-5\Leftrightarrow A\le1-\left(-5\right)=6\)

\(n+2< 0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{n+2}< 0\Leftrightarrow A>1\)

Vậy với \(n\le-3\)thì \(1< A\le6\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1),(2) suy ra \(-4\le A\le6\)

A=-4 khi n=-1

A=6 khi n=3 

## Mình đã cố chi tiết hết sức, mong bạn hiểu được 

Giá trị nhỏ nhất:

\(A=x^2+4x+3=x^2+2.x.2+2^2-1=\left(x+2\right)^2-1\)

Vì \(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\)

nên \(\left(x+2\right)^2-1\ge-1\)

Vậy \(Min_A=-1\)khi  \(x+2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)

\(B=3x^2-5x+2=3\left(x^2-\frac{5}{3}x+\frac{2}{3}\right)=3\left[x^2-2.x.\frac{5}{6}+\left(\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{1}{36}\right]=3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{1}{12}\)

Vì \(\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\ge0\)

nên \(3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\ge0\)

do đó \(3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{1}{12}\ge-\frac{1}{12}\)

Vậy \(Min_B=-\frac{1}{12}\)khi \(x-\frac{5}{6}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{6}\)

Giá trị lớn nhất:

\(C=2x-x^2=-\left(x^2-2x\right)=-\left(x^2-2.x+1-1\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^2+1\)

Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)

nên \(-\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\)

do đó \(-\left(x-1\right)^2+1\le1\)

Vậy \(Max_C=1\)khi \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

\(D=x-x^2+1=-\left(x^2-x+1\right)=-\left[x^2-2.x\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{3}{4}\)

Vì \(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)

nên \(-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\)

do đó \(-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{3}{4}\le-\frac{3}{4}\)

Vậy \(Max_D=-\frac{3}{4}\)khi \(x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2: 

a) Ta có: \(\left|2x-5\right|\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left|2x-5\right|\le0\forall x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\left|2x-5\right|+3\le3\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)

Bài làm:

a) Ta có: \(A=\left|x-\frac{3}{4}\right|\ge0\left(\forall x\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\left|x-\frac{3}{4}\right|=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{3}{4}\)

Vậy Min(A) = 0 khi x=3/4

b) Ta có: \(B=-\left|x+2020\right|\le0\left(\forall x\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\left|x+2020\right|=0\Rightarrow x=-2020\)

Vậy Max(B) = 0 khi x = -2020

A = | x - 3/4 |

\(\left|x-\frac{3}{4}\right|\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow A\ge0\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x - 3/4 = 0 => x = 3/4

Vậy A_Min = 0 , đạt được khi x = 3/4

B = - | x + 2020 |

\(\left|x+2020\right|\ge0\forall x\Rightarrow-\left|x+2020\right|\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow B\le0\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x + 2020 = 0 => x = -2020

Vậy B_Max = 0, đạt được khi x = -2020

Bài 1: 

\(A=x^2+6x+9+x^2-10x+25\)

\(=2x^2+4x+34\)

\(=2\left(x^2+2x+17\right)\)

\(=2\left(x+1\right)^2+32>=32\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-1