Cminh với a,b,c dương
\(\dfrac{2a}{b+c}\)+\(\dfrac{2b}{a+c}\)+\(\dfrac{2c}{a+b}\)+\(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\) ≥ 4
Cho các số thực dương a, b, c thỏa mãn \(a^2+b^2+c^2+abc=4\). Tìm GTNN của biểu thức \(P=\dfrac{ab}{a+2b}+\dfrac{bc}{b+2c}+\dfrac{ca}{c+2a}\)
Hi vọng là tìm GTLN:
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử b, c cùng phía với 1 \(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc\ge b+c-1\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
\(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge a^2+2bc+abc\Leftrightarrow2bc+abc\le4-a^2\Leftrightarrow bc\left(a+2\right)\le\left(2-a\right)\left(a+2\right)\Leftrightarrow bc+a\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz ta có:
\(P\le\dfrac{ab}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)+\dfrac{bc}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)+\dfrac{ca}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.3\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\le1\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.
Ta có: P= \(2a+3b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}\) = \(\text{}\text{}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)+\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)+\left(a+2b\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\text{}\text{}(\dfrac{1}{a}+a)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}\cdot a}=2\)
\(\text{}\text{}\left(\dfrac{4}{b}+b\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{b}\cdot b}=4\)
Do đó: P \(\ge2+4+5=11\)
Vậy: P(min)=11 khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=a\\\dfrac{4}{b}=b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right..\)
a,b,c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a+b+c=3. CMR: \(\dfrac{a\left(a+bc\right)^2}{b\left(ab+2c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b\left(b+ca\right)^2}{c\left(bc+2a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(c+ab\right)^2}{a\left(ca+2b^2\right)}>=4\)
Trước hết theo BĐT Schur bậc 3 ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+9abc\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (do \(a+b+c=3\)) (1)
Đặt vế trái BĐT cần chứng minh là P, ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a^2+abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2+2abc^2}+\dfrac{\left(b^2+abc\right)^2}{b^2c^2+2a^2bc}+\dfrac{\left(c^2+abc\right)^2}{a^2c^2+2ab^2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\right)^2}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+3abc\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Áp dụng (1):
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left[2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=4\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
a,b,c là các số thực dương. Tìm Min \(P=\dfrac{2a^2+ab}{\left(b+\sqrt{ca}+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{2b^2+bc}{\left(c+\sqrt{ab}+a\right)^2}+\dfrac{2c^2+ca}{\left(a+\sqrt{bc}+b\right)^2}\)
Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(b+a+a\right)\left(b+c+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)\ge\left(b+\sqrt{ca}+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a^2+ab}{\left(b+\sqrt{ca}+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{2a^2+ab}{\left(2a+b\right)\left(b+c+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)}=\dfrac{a^2}{c^2+ab+bc}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{2b^2+bc}{\left(c+\sqrt{ca}+a\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+ab+bc}\)
\(\dfrac{2c^2+ca}{\left(a+\sqrt{bc}+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{c^2}{b^2+ac+bc}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{a^2}{c^2+ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{a^2+ab+bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{b^2+ac+bc}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Cho ba số thực dương a, b, c thoả mãn a+b+c=2 Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{2c+ab}}+\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{2a+bc}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{2b+ca}}\le1\)
\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{ac+ab+bc+c^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2+ac+ab+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{ab+bc+b^2+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)}{2}\\ \Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Cho a, b, c là các số dương. Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b+2c}+\dfrac{bc}{b+c+2a}+\dfrac{ca}{c+a+2b}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{bc}{a+b+c+a}\le\dfrac{bc}{4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\ \dfrac{ac}{b+c+a+b}\le\dfrac{ac}{4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)\\ \dfrac{ab}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{ab}{4}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{a+b}\left(\dfrac{bc}{4}+\dfrac{ac}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\left(\dfrac{bc}{4}+\dfrac{ab}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\left(\dfrac{ac}{4}+\dfrac{ab}{4}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{a+b}\cdot\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\cdot\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{4}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\cdot\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}\\ =\dfrac{c}{4}+\dfrac{b}{4}+\dfrac{a}{4}\\ =\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\left(đfcm\right)\)
Cho các số thực dương a,b,c thảo mãn \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\). CHứng minh:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{bc+2a^2}{1+bc-a^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ca+2b^2}{1+ca-b^2}}\ge2+ab+bc+ac\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+ab}}\)\(=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)\left(ab+c^2+c^2\right)}}\)\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+2ab+2c^2}\)\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2c^2}\)\(=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{1+ab-c^2}}\ge ab+2c^2\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{bc+2a^2}{1+bc-a^2}}\ge bc+2a^2\); \(\sqrt{\dfrac{ac+2b^2}{1+ac-b^2}}\ge ac+2b^2\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT\ge2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+ab+bc+ac=2+ab+bc+ac\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}=1\) . Cmr
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{a+b+2c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{c+b+2a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{a+c+2b}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
Cho a,b,c là ba số thực dương thỏa mãn \(a+b+c=2\). Yìm GTLN của biểu thức
\(P=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}+\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}+\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{ac+2b}}\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+\left(a+b+c\right)c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=ab\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a+b}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b+c}}\le ab\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}\right);\dfrac{ac}{\sqrt{ac+2b}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{b+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{c+a}+\dfrac{ab}{c+b}+\dfrac{bc}{b+a}+\dfrac{bc}{c+a}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}\right]=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+2c}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{ab+c\left(a+b+c\right)}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{bc}{\sqrt{bc+2a}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{ca}{\sqrt{ac+2b}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=1\)
\(P_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
cho các số thực a,b,c không âm .Chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{4a}{a+b}+\dfrac{4b}{b+c}+\dfrac{4c}{c+a}+\dfrac{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2+abc}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+abc}\ge7\)
giúp với :(((
\(4.\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)+\dfrac{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2+abc}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+abc}-1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+abc}-2.\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)-2\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+abc\right)\right]}{\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+abc\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left[\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\right]^2}{\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a+abc\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
Bất đẳng thức hiển nhiên đúng
Vậy ta có điều phải chúng minh. Dấu hằng đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
-Chúc bạn học tốt-