\(f\left(x\right)=3x+\frac{2}{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=\frac{3}{4}\left(2x+1\right)+\frac{3}{4}\left(2x+1\right)+\frac{2}{\left(2x+1\right)^2}-\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left[\frac{3}{4}\left(2x+1\right)\right]^2.\frac{2}{\left(2x+1\right)^2}}-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\sqrt[3]{9}-\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu \(=\)khi \(\frac{3}{4}\left(2x+1\right)=\frac{2}{\left(2x+1\right)^2}\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^3=\frac{8}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}-\frac{1}{2}\).

Cách khác thì dùng AM - GM:

\(f\left(x\right)=2x^2+\dfrac{4}{x}=2x^2+\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{x}\ge3\sqrt[3]{2x^2.\dfrac{2}{x}.\dfrac{2}{x}}=6\).

Xảy ra đẳng thức khi x = 1.

Ta có \(f\left(x\right)-6=\dfrac{2x^3+4-6x}{x}=\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+2\right)}{x}\ge0\) nên \(f\left(x\right)\ge6\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = 1.

\(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x^2+10x+16}{x}=x+\dfrac{16}{x}+10\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{16x}{x}}+10=14\)

\(f\left(x\right)_{min}=14\) khi \(x=4\)

Ta có:

Khi \(x\in\left[-3;0\right]\) thì \(f\left(x\right)\in\left[-4;5\right]\) (dùng BBT)

Lại có:

\(y=f\left(f\left(x\right)\right)=f^2\left(x\right)+6f\left(x\right)+5\) 

Khi \(f\left(x\right)\in\left[-4;5\right]\) thì \(f\left(f\left(x\right)\right)\in\left[-4;60\right]\) (dùng BBT)

Do đó, \(m=-4\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=-3\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)

và \(M=60\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)=5\Leftrightarrow x=0\)

\(\Rightarrow S=m+M=-4+60=56\)