Gọi $n_{Mg} = n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)$

Ta có : 

$24a + 27a + 56b = 15,8(1)$

$n_{HCl} > 2n_{H_2}$ nên HCl dư

Ta có : 

$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5a + b = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1

$\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{15,8}.100\% = 34,18\%$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{15,8}.100\% = 30,38\%$

$\%m_{Fe} = 35,44\%$

$n_{HCl\ pư} = 2n_{H_2} = 1,2(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{muối} = 15,8 + 1,2.36,5 - 0,6.2 = 58,4(gam)$

\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)

\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)

\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)

a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b 

=> 27a + 56b = 13,9

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)

=> 1,5a + b = 0,35

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) n_HCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)

=> m_HCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)

=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đề câu 2 sao khỏi làm đi

1.GS có 100g dd $HCl$

=>m$HCl$=100.20%=20g

=>n$HCl$=20/36,5=40/73 mol

=>n$H2$=20/73 mol

Gọi n$Fe$(X)=a mol n$Mg$(X)=b mol

=>n$HCl$=2a+2b=40/73
mdd sau pứ=56a+24b+100-40/73=56a+24b+99,452gam

m$MgCl2$=95b gam

C% dd $MgCl2$=11,79%=>95b=11,79%(56a+24b+99,452)

=>92,17b-6,6024a=11,725

=>a=0,13695 mol và b=0,137 mol

=>C%dd $FeCl2$=127.0,13695/mdd.100%=15,753%

2.Bảo toàn klg=>mhh khí bđ=m$C2H2$+m$H2$

=0,045.26+0,1.2=1,37 gam

mC=mA-mbình tăng=1,37-0,41=0,96 gam

HH khí C gồm $H2$ dư và $C2H6$ không bị hấp thụ bởi dd $Br2$ gọi số mol lần lượt là a và b mol

Mhh khí=8.2=16 g/mol

mhh khí=0,96=2a+30b

nhh khí=0,06=a+b

=>a=b=0,03 mol

Vậy n$H2$=n$C2H6$=0,03 mol

a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác:

PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)

_______a--------------->a_________(mol)

\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)

_b----------------->b______________(mol)

\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)

_c------------------>c______________(mol)

=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)

(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)

b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\overline{M}=\dfrac{28.nN_2+44.nN_2O}{nN_2+nN_2O}=20,4.2\left(1\right)\)

\(nN_2+nN_2O=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1), (2) suy ra\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}nN_2=0,02\\nN_2O=0,08\end{matrix}\right.\)

gọi x, y lần lượt là nAl và nMg

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}mhh=27x+24y=9\\3x+2y=10.0,02+8.0,08\left(BTne\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,12\\y=0,24\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%mAl=\dfrac{mAl.100\%}{mhh}=\dfrac{0,12.27.100\%}{9}=36\%\)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

        1          2               1         1

       0,05    0,1           0,05      0,05 

    \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)

       1           2              1            1

      0,2       0,4            0,2

a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{MgO}=9,2-1,2=8\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Mg = \(\dfrac{1,2.100}{9,2}=13,04\)⁰/₀

⁰/₀MgO = \(\dfrac{8.100}{9,2}=86,96\)⁰/₀

b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,1+0,4=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)

c) \(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,05+0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{MgCl2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=9,2+125-\left(0,05.2\right)=134,1\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{23,75.100}{134,1}=17,71\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Mol:    0,05    0,1           0,05        0,05

PTHH: MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O

Mol:     0,2         0,4         0,2

\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.24.100\%}{9,2}=13,04\%;\%m_{MgO}=100-13,04=86,96\%\)

\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{9,2-0,05.24}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

b,\(m_{HCl}=\left(0,1+0,4\right).36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)

c,m_{dd sau pứ} = 9,2+125-0,05.2 = 134,1 (g)

 \(C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,05+0,2\right).95.100\%}{134,1}=17,71\%\)

\(Mg + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + H_2\)     (1)

\(MgO + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + H_2O\)      (2)

Khí thu được là H₂

\(n_{H_2}= \dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05 mol\)

Theo PTHH (1):

\(n_{Mg}= n_{H_2}= 0,05 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}= 0,05 . 24= 1,2 g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}= 9,2 - 1,2= 8g\)

C%_\(Mg\)= \(\dfrac{1,2}{9,2} .100\)%=13,04%

C%_\(MgO\)= 100% - 13,04%=86,96%

b)

\(n_{MgO}= \dfrac{8}{40}=0,2 mol\)

Theo PTHH (1) và (2):

\(n_{HCl(1)}= 2n_{Mg}= 0,1 mol\)

\(n_{HCl(2)}= 2n_{MgO}= 0,4 mol\)

Suy ra: \(n_{HCl}= n_{HCl(1)} + n_{HCl(2)}\)

                     \(= 0,1 + 0,4= 0,5 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}= 0,5 . 36,5= 18,25g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd HCl} = \dfrac{18,25 . 100%}{14,6%}=125 g\)

_c)

\(\)Dung dịch sau pư: MgCl₂

Theo PTHH:

\(n_{MgCl_2}= \dfrac{1}{2} n_{HCl}= 0,25 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}= 0,25 . 95=23,75g\)

\(m_{dd sau pư} = m_{Mg} + m_{MgO} + m_{dd HCl}- m_{H_2}\)

               \(= 9,2 + 125 + 2 . 0,05\)

             \(=134,1 g\)

C%_{\(MgCl_2\)}=\(\dfrac{23,75}{134,1}. 100\)%=17,71%