Đăt\(\sqrt{a}\)=x, \(\sqrt{b}\)=y (x,y>0)
=>xy+1=4y => 4y≥ \(2\sqrt{xy}\)=>\(2\sqrt{y}\)≥\(\sqrt{x}\)=> 4y≥x=> 4≥ \(\dfrac{x}{y}\)=> \(\dfrac{1}{4}\)≤\(\dfrac{y}{x}\)=>\(\dfrac{-1}{4}\)≥\(\dfrac{-y}{x}\)
Xét:A=(\(\dfrac{xy+y}{x+y}\)+\(\dfrac{xy+x}{y-x}\)+1):(\(\dfrac{xy+y}{x+y}\)+\(\dfrac{xy+x}{x-y}\)-1)
         = \(\dfrac{-2y^2\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\).\(\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{2xy\left(x+1\right)}\)
=> A= \(\dfrac{-y}{x}\)≤\(\dfrac{-1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> xy=1 và x=4y <=> x=2, y=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\) <=> a =4, b=\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Vậy Max A =\(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) <=> a=4, b=\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(I=\dfrac{a-\sqrt{ab}+b+3\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\cdot\left[\left(\dfrac{a+\sqrt{ab}+b+3\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}{a-b}\right]\)

\(=\dfrac{a+2\sqrt{ab}+b}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\cdot\left(\dfrac{a+4\sqrt{ab}+b}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\cdot\dfrac{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}{a-b}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{a-\sqrt{ab}+b}\cdot\dfrac{a+4\sqrt{ab}+b}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a+4\sqrt{ab}+b}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\cdot\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\)

Khi a=16 và b=4 thì \(I=\dfrac{16+4+4\cdot\sqrt{16\cdot4}}{\left(4-2\right)^2\cdot\left(16-\sqrt{16\cdot4}+4\right)}=\dfrac{20+4\cdot8}{4\cdot12}\)

\(=\dfrac{20+32}{48}=\dfrac{52}{48}=\dfrac{13}{12}\)

ĐKXĐ \(a\ge0,b\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)+\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)-\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)+\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}\right)\)

=\(\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}-1+ab+\sqrt{ab}+a\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}-ab+1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}-1-ab-\sqrt{ab}-a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+ab-1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}\right)\)

=\(\left(\dfrac{2a\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}\right):\left(\dfrac{-2\sqrt{a}-2}{\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}\right)\) 

= \(\dfrac{2\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{-2\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\) = \(-\sqrt{ab}\)

Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{ab}+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{ab}-1}-1\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{ab}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{ab}-1}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}-1\right):\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}-1+ab+\sqrt{ab}+a\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}-1\right):\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}-1-\left(ab+\sqrt{ab}+a\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{2a\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{ab}+ab-1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}-1\right):\left(\dfrac{-2\sqrt{a}-1-ab}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}+1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{2a\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}:\dfrac{-2\sqrt{a}-2}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}{-2\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\)

\(=-\sqrt{ab}\)

ĐK: \(ab\ge0\)

\(P=\left(\dfrac{2a\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{ab}}{ab-1}\right):\left(\dfrac{-2a\sqrt{b}-2\sqrt{ab}}{ab-1}\right)\)

\(P=-1.\)

\(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{ab}+1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{ab}-1}-1\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{ab}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{ab}-1}+1\right)\)\(P=\left[\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}-\dfrac{ab-1}{ab-1}\right]:\left[\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}+1\right)}+\dfrac{ab-1}{ab-1}\right]\)\(P=\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}-1\right)+\left(ab+\sqrt{ab}+a\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}\right)-\left(ab-1\right)}{ab-1}:\dfrac{\left(a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}-1\right)-\left(ab+\sqrt{ab}+a\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}\right)+\left(ab-1\right)}{ab-1}\)\(P=\dfrac{a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}-1+ab+\sqrt{ab}+a\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}-ab+1}{ab-1}:\dfrac{a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{ab}-1-ab-\sqrt{ab}-a\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}+ab-1}{ }\)\(P=\dfrac{2a\sqrt{b}+2\sqrt{ab}}{ab-1}:\dfrac{-2\sqrt{a}-2}{ab-1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{2\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{ab-1}.\dfrac{ab-1}{-2\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}=-\sqrt{ab}\)

a: \(P=\dfrac{a-\sqrt{ab}+b+3\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\cdot\left[\left(\dfrac{a+\sqrt{ab}+b-3\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{a-b}+b\right]\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\cdot\left[\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}+b\right]\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{a-\sqrt{ab}+b}\cdot\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}+b\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{a-\sqrt{ab}+b}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+ab+b\sqrt{ab}+b^2}{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}\)

b: Thay a=16 và b=4 vào P, ta được:

\(P=\dfrac{4+2}{16-4\cdot2+4}\cdot\dfrac{4+16\cdot4+4\cdot4\cdot2+16}{16+4\cdot2+4}\)

\(=\dfrac{6}{12}\cdot\dfrac{116}{28}=\dfrac{29}{14}\)

a) ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a>0\\b>0\\a\ne b\end{matrix}\right.\)

P = \(\dfrac{a-\sqrt{ab}+b+3\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}.\left[\left(\dfrac{a+\sqrt{ab}+b-3\sqrt{ab}}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\right):\dfrac{a-b}{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}\right]\)= \(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}.\left[\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}.\dfrac{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}{a-b}\right]\)

= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{a-\sqrt{ab}+b}.\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{a-b}\)

= \(\dfrac{1}{a-\sqrt{ab}+b}\)

b) có a = 16 và b = 4 (thoả mãn ĐKXĐ)

Thay a = 16, b =4 vào P có:

P = \(\dfrac{1}{16-\sqrt{16.4}+4}\)= \(\dfrac{1}{12}\)

Vậy tại a =16, b = 4 thì P = \(\dfrac{1}{12}\)