a) \(B=\left(\dfrac{x-y}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-y\sqrt{y}}{y-x}\right):\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\left(x,y\ge0;x\ne y\right)\)

\(B=\left[\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^3-\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^3}{x-y}\right]:\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{xy}+y+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)

\(B=\left[\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{xy}+y\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}\right]:\dfrac{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)

\(B=\left[\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)-\dfrac{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right]:\dfrac{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\)

\(B=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2-x-\sqrt{xy}-y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}\)

\(B=\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{xy}+y-x-\sqrt{xy}-y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}\)

\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}\)

\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}\)

b) Xét tử: 

\(\sqrt{xy}\ge0\forall x,y\) (xác định) (1) 

Xét mẫu: 

\(x+\sqrt{xy}+y\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{y}\cdot\sqrt{x}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}y\)

\(=\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}y\)

Mà: \(\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{y}\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\) (xác định), còn: \(\dfrac{3}{4}y\ge0\) vì theo đkxđ thì \(y\ge0\) (2) 

Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ B luôn không âm với mọi x,y (\(B\ge0\)) (đpcm) 

a: \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1-\sqrt{x}+1-2\sqrt{x}}{x-1}=\dfrac{-2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{x-1}=\dfrac{-2}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)

b: \(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-x\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}+x\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}{1-xy}:\left(\dfrac{x+y+2xy+1-xy}{1-xy}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{x}}{1-xy}\cdot\dfrac{1-xy}{x+y+xy+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(y+1\right)}{\left(y+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\)

c: \(=\dfrac{3x+3\sqrt{x}-9+x+2\sqrt{x}-3-x+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3x+5\sqrt{x}-8}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}+8}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)

a) ĐKXĐ: \(x,y\ge0\)

\(M=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\)

b) \(x=\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)^2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}=\left|1-\sqrt{3}\right|=\sqrt{3}-1\)

\(y=3-\sqrt{8}\Rightarrow\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{3-\sqrt{8}}=\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2.\sqrt{2}.1+1^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}=\left|\sqrt{2}-1\right|=\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{x-\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{x+\sqrt{xy}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{y}\left(x+\sqrt{xy}\right)+\sqrt{y}\left(x-\sqrt{xy}\right)}{x^2-xy}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{y}\left(x+\sqrt{xy}+x-\sqrt{xy}\right)}{x\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{2x\sqrt{y}}{x\left(x-y\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{x-y}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-1}{x+\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}{2\sqrt{xy}}.\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-1+1}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x}\)

\(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{xy}}{x-y}:\left(\dfrac{1}{y-x}+\dfrac{1}{x+2\sqrt{x}\sqrt{y}+y}\right)-2x\) (với \(x\ne y,x,y\ge0\))

\(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{xy}}{x-y}:\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}\right)-2x\)

\(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{xy}}{x-y}:\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\right)-2x\)

\(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{xy}}{x-y}:\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2}\right)-2x\)

\(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{xy}}{x-y}:\left(\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{\left(y-x\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}\right)-2x\)

\(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{xy}}{x-y}\cdot\dfrac{\left(y-x\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{2\sqrt{y}}-2x\)

\(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{xy}\cdot\left(y-x\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\cdot2\sqrt{y}}-2x\)

\(P=\dfrac{4\sqrt{xy}\cdot\left(y-x\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\cdot2\sqrt{y}}-2x\)

\(P=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(y-x\right)}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}-2x\)

\(P=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(y-x\right)-2x\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}\)

\(P=\dfrac{2y\sqrt{x}-2x\sqrt{x}-2x\sqrt{x}+2x\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}\)

\(P=\dfrac{2y\sqrt{x}-4x\sqrt{x}+2x\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}\)

a) Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{1-\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\right):\left(1+\dfrac{x+2xy+y}{1-xy}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}:\dfrac{1-xy+x+2xy+y}{1-xy}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(y+1\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}{x+xy+y+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(y+1\right)}{\left(y+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x+1}\)

Đk:\(xy\ne1;x\ge0;y\ge0\)

 \(P=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}:\dfrac{1-xy+x+y+2xy}{1-xy}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+x\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-x\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}{\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}:\dfrac{1+x+y+xy}{1-xy}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{x}}{\left(1-\sqrt{xy}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}:\dfrac{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}{1-xy}\)\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}\left(1+y\right)}{1-xy}.\dfrac{1-xy}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{1+x}\)

b) Áp dụng AM-GM có:

\(1+x\ge2\sqrt{x}\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{1+x}\le1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=1 (tm)

Vậy \(P_{max}=1\)