Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki , ta có :

\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\text{≥}\left(\sqrt{ax}+\sqrt{by}+\sqrt{cz}\right)^2\)

⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{a+b+c}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+y+z}\right)\text{≥}\sqrt{ax}+\sqrt{by}+\sqrt{cz}\)

\("="\text{⇔}\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)

⇒ \(\left(\sqrt{a+b+c}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+y+z}\right)\text{=}\sqrt{ax}+\sqrt{by}+\sqrt{cz}\)

\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}\)⇒ \(ay=bx;bz=cy;cx=az\)

⇒ \(\left(\sqrt{ay}-\sqrt{bx}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bz}-\sqrt{cy}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{cx}-\sqrt{az}\right)^2\)\(=0\)

⇒ \(ay+az+bx+bz+cx+cy=2\left(\sqrt{aybx}+\sqrt{bzcy}+\sqrt{cxaz}\right)\)

⇒ \(ax+ay+az+bx+by+bz+cx+cy+cz=ax+by+cz+2\left(\sqrt{axby}+\sqrt{bycz}+\sqrt{czax}\right)\)

⇒ \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=\left(\sqrt{ax}+\sqrt{by}+\sqrt{cz}\right)^2\)

⇒ \(\sqrt{ax}+\sqrt{by}+\sqrt{cz}=\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

Vậy ....

\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}=k\text{ thì }a=xk;b=yk;c=zk\)

\(VT=\sqrt[3]{x^2k}+\sqrt[3]{y^2k}+\sqrt[3]{z^2k}=\sqrt[3]{k}\left(\sqrt[3]{x^2}+\sqrt[3]{y^2}+\sqrt[3]{z^2}\right)\)

\(VP=\sqrt[3]{k\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}=\sqrt[3]{k}\sqrt[3]{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)

đề sai sai

Lời giải:

Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{x}, \frac{1}{y}, \frac{1}{z}\right)=(a,b,c)\). Bài toán đã cho trở thành:

Cho $a,b,c>0$ thỏa mãn \(ab+bc+ac=1\)

Tính max của \(Q=\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\)

-------------------------

Vì $ab+bc+ac=1$ nên:

\(Q=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\sqrt{\frac{ac}{b^2+ab+bc+ac}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2+ab+bc+ac}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ac}{(b+c)(b+a)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:

\(Q\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)

\(Q\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)

Vậy \(Q_{\max}=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(x,y,z>0:\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=1\left(1\right)\)

\(Q=\frac{x}{\sqrt{yz\left(1+x^2\right)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{xz\left(1+y^2\right)}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{xy\left(1+z^2\right)}}\)

Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)

\(Q=\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{yz}}{1+\frac{1}{x^2}}}+\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{xz}}{1+\frac{1}{y^2}}}+\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{1+\frac{1}{z^2}}}\\ =\sqrt{\frac{bc}{1+a^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ac}{1+b^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{ab}{1+c^2}}\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\\ \Rightarrow a^2+1=a^2+ab+ac+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{bc}{1+a^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+b}}.\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+c}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{1+b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)

\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{1+c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\\ \Rightarrow Q\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)

(Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\))

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=x^2-yz\\b=y^2-zx\\c=z^2-xy\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a+b+c=x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\)

Mặt khác cũng từ trên ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ax=x^3-xyz\\by=y^3-xyz\\cz=z^3-xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow ax+by+cz=x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)

Ta có đẳng thức quen thuộc:

\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)

\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow ax+by+cz=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(VT-\frac{1}{3}\ge\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{z}+\frac{z^2}{x}-\left(x+y+z\right)-\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(x-z\right)^2\)

\(=\sum_{cyc}\left(\frac{x^2}{y}-2x+y-\left(x-y\right)^2\right)\)

\(=\sum_{cyc}\left(\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\frac{1-y}{y}\right)\right)\)

\(=\sum_{cyc}\left(\left(x-y\right)^2\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)}{y}\right)\right)\ge0\)

\(\rightarrow VT\ge\frac{1}{3}\)"=" <=> x=y=z=1/9

1b/

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si :
\(\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{a}}\le\frac{\frac{b+c}{a}+1}{2}=\frac{\frac{a+b+c}{a}}{2}=\frac{a+b+c}{2a}\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)

Chứng minh tương tự:

\(\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+a}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\); \(\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\)

Cộng theo vế ta được :

\(VT\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)

Dấu "=" không xảy ra nên \(VT>2\).

2a/ Chắc là tính GT của \(x+y\).

\(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2013}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2013}\right)=2013\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2013}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2013}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2013}\right)=2013\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2013}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x^2-2013\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2013}\right)=2013\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2013}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2013\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+2013}\right)=2013\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2013}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y+\sqrt{y^2+2013}=\sqrt{x^2+2013}-x\)

Do vai trò \(x,y\) là như nhau nên thiết lập tương tự ta có :

\(x+\sqrt{x^2+2013}=\sqrt{y^2+2013}-y\)

Cộng theo vế 2 pt ta được :

\(x+y+\sqrt{x^2+2013}+\sqrt{y^2+2013}=\sqrt{x^2+2013}+\sqrt{y^2+2013}-x-y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y=0\)

Vậy....

2b/

Đặt \(A=5a^2+15ab-b^2\) và \(B=3a+b\)

Ta có \(B^2=\left(3a+b\right)^2=9a^2+6ab+b^2\)

Lấy \(A+B^2=5a^2+15a-b^2+9a^2+6ab+b^2\)

\(A+B^2=14a^2+21ab\)

\(A+B^2=7\left(2a+3ab\right)⋮7\)

Mà \(A⋮7\) ( vì \(A⋮49\) ) nên \(B^2⋮7\)

Vì 7 nguyên tố nên \(B⋮7\) ( đpcm )