a: =>\(x^2\cdot2\sqrt{2}+x\left(2+2\sqrt{2}\right)+4=0\)

\(\text{Δ}=\left(2\sqrt{2}+2\right)^2-4\cdot2\sqrt{2}\cdot4=12-24\sqrt{2}< 0\)

=>PTVN

b: 

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x+\sqrt{3}-x^2+2\sqrt{3}x+\sqrt{3}=0\)

=>\(x^2+x\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)+2\sqrt{3}=0\)

\(\text{Δ}=\left(2\sqrt{3}+2\right)^2-4\cdot2\sqrt{3}=16>0\)

PT có hai nghiệm là;

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{-2\sqrt{3}-2-4}{2}=-\sqrt{3}-3\\x=\dfrac{-2\sqrt{3}-2+4}{2}=-\sqrt{3}+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

1

ĐK: \(x\ge1\)

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x-1}\left(t\ge0\right)\Rightarrow x=t^2+1\)

Khi đó: 

\(x-2\sqrt{x-1}=16\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-2t+1=16\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)^2=4^2\\ \Leftrightarrow t-1=4\\ \Leftrightarrow t=4+1=5\left(tm\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=5^2=25\\ \Leftrightarrow x=25+1=26\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất x = 26.

2 ĐK: \(3\le x\le1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{1-x}=0\\\sqrt{x-3}=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ điều kiện và bài giải ta kết luận PT vô nghiệm.

3 ĐK: \(x\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-4}=7-2=5\\ \Leftrightarrow x-4=5^2=25\\ \Leftrightarrow x=25+4=29\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất x = 29.

4

ĐK: \(x\ge1\)

Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x-1}\left(t\ge0\right)\Rightarrow x=t^2+1\)

Khi đó:

\(x-\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\sqrt{t^2-2t+1}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\sqrt{\left(t-1\right)^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\left|t-1\right|=0\left(1\right)\)

Trường hợp 1:

Với \(0\le t< 1\) thì:

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\left(1-t\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2+t=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t\left(t+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=0\Rightarrow x=1\left(nhận\right)\\t=-1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Trường hợp 2:

Với \(t\ge1\) thì:

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t^2+1-\left(t-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2-t+2=0\)

\(\Delta=\left(-1\right)^2-4.2=-7< 0\)

=> Loại trường hợp 2.

Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất x = 1.

5

ĐK: \(x\ge2\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-2}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\Rightarrow x=t^2+2\)

Khi đó:

\(\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x^2-2x}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{x-2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{t^2+2-2}-\sqrt{t^2+2}.\sqrt{t^2+2-2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{t^2}-\sqrt{t^2+2}.\sqrt{t^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t-\sqrt{t^2+2}.t=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t\left(1-\sqrt{t^2+2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-2}=0\Rightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\\\sqrt{t^2+2}=1\Rightarrow t^2+2=1\Rightarrow t^2=-1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất x = 2.

6 Không có ĐK vì đưa về tổng bình lên luôn \(\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\sqrt{2}^2-2.\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1}^2}-\sqrt{x^2+2x.\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right|-\left|x+\sqrt{2}\right|=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1-\left|x+\sqrt{2}\right|=0\)

Trường hợp 1:

Với \(x\ge-\sqrt{2}\) thì:

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1-\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1-x-\sqrt{2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-1-x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-1\left(tm\right)\)

Với \(x< -\sqrt{2}\) thì:

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1--\left(x+\sqrt{2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}-1+x+\sqrt{2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{2}+1+x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=-1-2\sqrt{2}\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy phương trình có 2 nghiệm \(x=-1\) hoặc \(x=-1-2\sqrt{2}\)

a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}+2x+1+2\sqrt{x^2+x}-2=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}=a>0\Rightarrow a^2=2x+1+2\sqrt{x^2+x}\)

\(\Rightarrow a+a^2-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}=1\)

Mà \(x\ge0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}\ge0\\\sqrt{x+1}\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}\ge1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=0\)

b/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+2}+2x-2\sqrt{x^2-4}-2=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+2}=a< 0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2=2x-2\sqrt{x^2-4}\) , pt trở thành:

\(a+a^2-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\left(l\right)\\a=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+2}=-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}+2=\sqrt{x+2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+2+4\sqrt{x-2}=x+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x-2}=0\Rightarrow x=2\)

c/ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x+4+2\sqrt{2x^2+5x+3}-\left(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}\right)-20=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=a>0\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2=3x+4+2\sqrt{2x^2+5x+3}\), ta được:

\(a^2-a-20=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=5\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}-3+\sqrt{x+1}-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(x-3\right)}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\frac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x=3\)

d/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x^2+x}-4x+\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}+6x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}+2x+1+2\sqrt{x^2+x}-2=0\)

Đến đây thì nó giống hệt câu a không khác 1 chữ nào

e/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+3+2x\sqrt{x+3}+x+\sqrt{x+3}-12=0\)

Đặt \(x+\sqrt{x+3}=a\ge-3\Rightarrow a^2=x^2+x+3+2x\sqrt{x+3}\)

Phương trình trở thành:

\(a^2+a-12=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x+3}=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}=3-x\) (\(x\le3\))

\(\Leftrightarrow x+3=\left(3-x\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-7x+6=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=6\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(1,\sqrt{x+2+4\sqrt{x-2}}=5\left(x\ge2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-2}+4\right)^2}=5\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}+4=5\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x-2=1\Leftrightarrow x=3\\ 2,\sqrt{x+3+4\sqrt{x-1}}=2\left(x\ge1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+4\right)^2}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+4=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=-2\\ \Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\left(\sqrt{x-1}\ge0\right)\)

\(3,\sqrt{x+\sqrt{2x-1}}=\sqrt{2}\left(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2};x\ne1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{2x-1}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x-2=-\sqrt{2x-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4=2x-1\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\left(tm\right)\\x=1\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(4,\sqrt{x-2+\sqrt{2x-5}}=3\sqrt{2}\left(x\ge\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-4+2\sqrt{2x-5}}=6\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}+1\right)^2}=6\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5}+1=6\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-5}=5\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-5=25\Leftrightarrow x=15\left(TM\right)\)

a) ĐK: \(x\ge3\)

PT \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)}-\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)

     \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}\left(\sqrt{x-3}-1\right)+\sqrt{x+1}\left(1-\sqrt{x-3}\right)=0\)

     \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-3}-1\right)=0\)

     \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=\sqrt{x+1}\\\sqrt{x-3}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=x+1\\x-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=4\) (Thỏa mãn)

  Vậy ...

a.

\(\sqrt{x+2\sqrt{x-1}}=2\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

\(\sqrt{x-1+2\sqrt{x-1}+1}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}+1\right|=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+1=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

b.

\(\sqrt{4x^2-20x+25}=5-2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-5\right)^2}=5-2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|5-2x\right|=5-2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5-2x\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\le\dfrac{5}{2}\)

c.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge3\)

\(\sqrt{x^2-x-6}=\sqrt{x-3}\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-x-6=x-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\left(loại\right)\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

d.

ĐKXĐ: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le0\\1\le x\le3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\sqrt{x^2-x}=\sqrt{3-x}\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-x=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{3}\\x=-\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn)

1) \(ĐK:x\in R\)

2) \(ĐK:x< 0\)

3) \(ĐK:x\in\varnothing\)

4) \(=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)^2+2}\) 

\(ĐK:x\in R\)

5) \(=\sqrt{-\left(a-4\right)^2}\)

\(ĐK:x\in\varnothing\)