a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}+2x+1+2\sqrt{x^2+x}-2=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}=a>0\Rightarrow a^2=2x+1+2\sqrt{x^2+x}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+a^2-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}=1\)
Mà \(x\ge0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}\ge0\\\sqrt{x+1}\ge1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=0\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+2}+2x-2\sqrt{x^2-4}-2=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+2}=a< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=2x-2\sqrt{x^2-4}\) , pt trở thành:
\(a+a^2-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\left(l\right)\\a=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+2}=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}+2=\sqrt{x+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2+4\sqrt{x-2}=x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x-2}=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
c/ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+4+2\sqrt{2x^2+5x+3}-\left(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}\right)-20=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=a>0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=3x+4+2\sqrt{2x^2+5x+3}\), ta được:
\(a^2-a-20=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=5\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}-3+\sqrt{x+1}-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(x-3\right)}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\frac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=3\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x^2+x}-4x+\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}+6x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x}+2x+1+2\sqrt{x^2+x}-2=0\)
Đến đây thì nó giống hệt câu a không khác 1 chữ nào
e/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+3+2x\sqrt{x+3}+x+\sqrt{x+3}-12=0\)
Đặt \(x+\sqrt{x+3}=a\ge-3\Rightarrow a^2=x^2+x+3+2x\sqrt{x+3}\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(a^2+a-12=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x+3}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}=3-x\) (\(x\le3\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x+3=\left(3-x\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-7x+6=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=6\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
