a) Ta có \(A=\dfrac{n-5}{n-3}=\dfrac{n-3-2}{n-3}=1-\dfrac{2}{n-3}\). Để \(A\inℤ\) thì \(\dfrac{2}{n-3}\inℤ\) hay \(n-3\) là ước của 2. Suy ra \(n-3\in\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\). 

Nếu \(n-3=1\Rightarrow n=4\); \(n-3=-1\Rightarrow n=2\); \(n-3=2\Rightarrow n=5\); \(n-3=-2\Rightarrow n=1\). Vậy để \(A\inℤ\) thì \(n\in\left\{1;2;4;5\right\}\)

 \(A=\dfrac{n+4}{n+1}\) làm tương tự.

b) Dễ thấy các số ở mẫu có thể viết dưới dạng:

\(10=1+2+3+4=\dfrac{4\left(4+1\right)}{2}=\dfrac{4.5}{2}\)

\(15=1+2+3+4+5=\dfrac{5\left(5+1\right)}{2}=\dfrac{5.6}{2}\)

\(21=1+2+...+6=\dfrac{6\left(6+1\right)}{2}=\dfrac{6.7}{2}\)

...

\(120=1+2+...+15=\dfrac{15\left(15+1\right)}{2}=\dfrac{15.16}{2}\)

Do đó \(A=\dfrac{2}{4.5}+\dfrac{2}{5.6}+\dfrac{2}{6.7}+...+\dfrac{2}{15.16}\) 

\(A=2\left(\dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+\dfrac{1}{6.7}+...+\dfrac{1}{15.16}\right)\)

\(A=2\left(\dfrac{5-4}{4.5}+\dfrac{6-5}{5.6}+\dfrac{7-6}{6.7}+...+\dfrac{16-15}{15.16}\right)\)

\(A=2\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{15}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)

\(A=2\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)

\(A=\dfrac{3}{8}\)

Lời giải:

Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{a+b}{c(a+b+c)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c(a+b+c)}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a+b)[c(a+b+c)+ab]}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)

Xét : \(A=\frac{1}{a^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}-\frac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)

\(A=\frac{a^n+b^n}{a^nb^n}+\frac{a^n+b^n}{c^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\)

\(A=(a^n+b^n)\left(\frac{1}{a^nb^n}+\frac{1}{c^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\right)\)

\(A=\frac{(a^n+b^n)[c^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)+a^nb^n]}{a^nb^nc^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\)

\(A=\frac{(a^n+b^n)(b^n+c^n)(c^n+a^n)}{a^nb^nc^n(a^n+b^n+c^n)}\)

Vì $n$ lẻ nên :

\((a^n+b^n)(b^n+c^n)(c^n+a^n)=(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)(a^{n-1}+....+b^{n-1})(b^{n-1}+..+c^{n-1})(c^{n-1}+...+a^{n-1})\)

\(=0\) do \((a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)

Do đó: \(A=0\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a^n}+\frac{1}{b^n}+\frac{1}{c^n}=\frac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)

\(B=\dfrac{0!}{2!}+\dfrac{1!}{3!}+\dfrac{2!}{4!}+...+\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)!}{n!}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)

\(=1-\dfrac{1}{n}=\dfrac{n-1}{n}\) (đpcm)

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

double s,a;

int i,n;

int main()

{

cin>>a;

s=0;

n=0;

while (s<=a) 

{

n=n+1;

s=s+1/(n*1.0);

}

cout<<n;

return 0;

}

a) \(\forall\)n \(\in\) N^* ta có :

\(\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{n+1-n}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{n+1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\) (đpcm)

Sửa lại đề bài : \(A=....+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)

Program HOC24;

var i,n: integer;

a: real;

begin

write('Nhap n: '); readln(n);

a:=0;

for i:=1 to n do a:=a+1/(n*(n+2));

write('A = ',a:6:2);

readln

end.

tức là từ a cộng mấy đến a+n vậy bạn?