Lời giải;

Vế 1:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

$2=(x^2+y^2)(1+1)\geq (x+y)^2\Rightarrow x+y\leq \sqrt{2}$

$x^3+\frac{x}{2}\geq \sqrt{2}x^2$

$y^3+\frac{y}{2}\geq \sqrt{2}y^2$

$\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+\frac{x+y}{2}\geq \sqrt{2}(x^2+y^2)=\sqrt{2}$

$\Rightarrow x^3+y^3\geq \sqrt{2}-\frac{x+y}{2}\geq \sqrt{2}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$

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Vế 2:

$x^2+y^2=1$

$\Rightarrow x^2=1-y^2\leq 1\Rightarrow -1\leq x\leq 1$

$y^2=1-x^2\leq 1\Rightarrow -1\leq y\leq 1$

$\Rightarrow x^3\leq x^2; y^3\leq y^2$

$\Rightarrow x^3+y^3\leq x^2+y^2$ hay $x^3+y^3\leq 1$

BĐT bên trái rất đơn giản, chỉ cần áp dụng:

\(x^3+x^3+y^3\ge3x^2y\) ; tương tự và cộng lại và được

Ta chứng minh BĐT bên phải:

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4+2\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)

Thật vậy, ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4=\dfrac{1}{8}\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]^2\)

\(\ge\dfrac{1}{8}.4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)

\(=x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)

\(\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;1;1\right)\) và hoán vị

Ta có:

\(-1\le x\le1;-1\le y\le1;-1\le z\le1\Leftrightarrow x^2;y^2;z^2\le1\) (1)

Trong 3 số \(x;y;z\)có ít nhất 2 số cùng dấu(giả xử là \(x;y\)) ta có: \(xy\ge0\Rightarrow2xy\ge0\)(2)

\(x^2+y^4+z^6=x^2+y^2.y^2+z^2.z^2.z^2\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)(3)

ta sẽ chứng minh:

\(x^2+y^2+z^2\le2\) ta có: 

\(x^2+y^2+z^2\le x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy\)(từ (2) )

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\le\left(x+y\right)^2+z^2=\left(-z\right)^2+z^2=2z^2\le2\)(từ (1)  )

\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^4+z^6\le2\left(đpcm\right)\)(từ (3) )

Ta có:

−1≤x≤1;−1≤y≤1;−1≤z≤1⇔x2;y2;z2≤1 (1)

Trong 3 số x;y;zcó ít nhất 2 số cùng dấu(giả xử là x;y) ta có: xy≥0⇒2xy≥0(2)

x2+y4+z6=x2+y2.y2+z2.z2.z2≤x2+y2+z2(3)

ta sẽ chứng minh:

x2+y2+z2≤2 ta có: 

x2+y2+z2≤x2+y2+z2+2xy(từ (2) )

⇒x2+y2+z2≤(x+y)2+z2=(−z)2+z2=2z2≤2(từ (1)  )

⇒x2+y4+z6≤2(đpcm)(từ (3) )

 ..

CM cái này là xong \(x^3\ge\frac{3}{2}x^2-\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\) đúng 

Phùng Minh Quân ukm, ý tưởng ra đề của em cũng là từ cái bđt hiển nhiên: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\)

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Bài 3:

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}.x^2y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2\ge4xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+x^2-2xy+y^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}\right)^2-2xy+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{xy}{x-y}-x+y\right)^2=0\) (luôn đúng)

-Tham khảo:

-Tham khảo: