Xét hiệu VT - VP

\(\dfrac{a+b}{bc+a^2}+\dfrac{b+c}{ab+b^2}+\dfrac{c+a}{ab+c^2}-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{a^2+ab-bc-a^2}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2+bc-ac-b^2}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2+ac-ab-c^2}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)

Do a,b,c bình đẳng nên giả sử a\(\ge\)b\(\ge\)c, khi đó \(b\left(a-c\right)\)\(\ge\)0, c(b-a)\(\le\)0, a(c-b)\(\le\)0

\(a^3\ge b^3\ge c^3=>abc+a^3\ge abc+b^3\ge abc+c^3\)=>\(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}\le\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\)

=> VT -VP \(\le\) \(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{ab-ac}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{ac-ab}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}-\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)

mà \(\dfrac{1}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\) nên VT-VP <0 đpcm

Ta viết bất đẳng thức đã cho lại thành

\(\sum\left[\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{\left(a+b+2c\right)}{2\left(ab+c^2\right)}\right]\ge\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2\prod\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{ab\left(a^2+bc\right)\left(b^2+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\prod\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)

Hay \(S_a\left(b-c\right)^2+S_b\left(c-a\right)^2+S_c\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\prod\left(ab+c^2\right)}\quad\left(1\right)\)

Vậy $VT\geq 0$ và $S_a+S_b\ge 0;S_b+S_c\ge 0.$ Nếu \(a\ge b\ge c\rightarrow VT\ge0\ge VP,\) ta chỉ xét \(a\le b\le c.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(S_a+S_b\right)\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(S_b+S_c\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left[\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\prod\left(ab+c^2\right)}-2S_b\right]\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\)

Đặt \(c=a+x+y,b=a+x\Rightarrow x=b-a;y=c-b\left(x,y\ge0\right)\) thay vào rút gọn các thứ là đpcm.

P/s: Cách này khá trâu nhưng chịu thôi, bài này mình nghĩ khá chặt.

Coi như a, b, c là số dương

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{c}{ba}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{bc}.\dfrac{c}{ba}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b^2}}=\dfrac{2}{b}\left(1\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra ...

\(\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{b}{ac}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{bc}.\dfrac{b}{ac}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\dfrac{2}{c}\left(2\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra ...

\(\dfrac{c}{ba}+\dfrac{b}{ac}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{ba}+\dfrac{b}{ac}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a}\left(3\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra ...

Từ (1), (2), (3) ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{c}{ba}+\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{b}{ac}+\dfrac{c}{ba}+\dfrac{b}{ac}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\\ \Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{b}{ac}+\dfrac{c}{ba}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc}+\dfrac{b}{ac}+\dfrac{c}{ba}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra ...

Vậy ...

a, b, c có phải là số dương không bạn, nếu không thì làm sao dùng BĐT Cô-si được

tử vế phải là 3 hay 2 vậy bạn.

Áp dụng BĐT cosi:

\(\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\\ \ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=9\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge9\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

Lời giải:

Điều kiện: $a,b,c>0$

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

\(\frac{a+b}{ab+c^2}=\frac{(a+b)^2}{(ab+c^2)(a+b)}=\frac{(a+b)^2}{a(b^2+c^2)+b(a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{b^2}{a(b^2+c^2)}+\frac{a^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}\)

\(\frac{b+c}{bc+a^2}=\frac{(b+c)^2}{(b+c)(bc+a^2)}=\frac{(b+c)^2}{c(b^2+a^2)+b(a^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{b^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}+\frac{c^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}\)

\(\frac{c+a}{ca+b^2}=\frac{(c+a)^2}{(c+a)(ac+b^2)}=\frac{(c+a)^2}{c(a^2+b^2)+a(b^2+c^2)}\leq \frac{c^2}{a(b^2+c^2)}+\frac{a^2}{c(a^2+b^2)}\)

Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên:

\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{b^2+c^2}{a(b^2+c^2)}+\frac{a^2+c^2}{b(a^2+c^2)}+\frac{b^2+a^2}{c(b^2+a^2)}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)

Ta có đpcm

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

Biến đổi tương đương:

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab\ge4ab\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng

Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho các số dương ta có :

\(+,\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}.\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\left(1\right)\)

Cmtt ta có : +, \(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a}\left(2\right)\)

+, \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{2c}{b}\left(3\right)\)

Cộng vế với vế của các BĐT \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\) ta được :

\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Đặt $\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}=t$

=>$t^2-3t+2$\geq$0$<=>$(t-1)(t-2)$\geq$0$<=>$(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-1)(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}-2)$

<=>$\frac{(x-y)^2}{xy}\frac{(x-\frac{y}{2})^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}}{xy}\geq 0$

<=>$\frac{(x-y)^2.\left [ (x-\frac{y}{2})^2+\frac{3y^2}{4} \right ]}{x^2y^2}\geq 0$(hcđ)

=>đpcm