2Al+6HCl->2AlCL3+3H2(1)

Mg+2HCL->MgCL2+H2(2)

Cu+2H2SO4(đặc)->CuSO4+SO2+2H2O(3)

(3)=>nCu=nSO2=2,24/22,4=0,1mol

=>mCu=0,1.64=6,4g ???? lớn hơn m hỗn hợp đề chắc sai

a, \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\underrightarrow{t^o}CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)

b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,9748}{24,79}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Cu}=n_{SO_2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m=m_{Zn}+m_{Cu}=0,1.65+0,12.64=14,18\left(g\right)\)

Có: \(n_{H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}}=2n_{SO_2}=0,24\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow x=m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(đ\right)}=\dfrac{0,24.98}{98\%}=24\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8,4}{22,4}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(2Al+6H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\\ Mg+2H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}MgSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)

Đặt \(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,65\\1,5a+b=0,375\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,15}{7,65}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\)

.

Chỉ có Mg td vs HCl→H₂ suy ra mol Mg =0,25mol và chất rắn ko tan là Cu 

Cu +2H₂SO₄→CuSO₄+SO₂+2H₂O     ↔molcu=0,1mol,

Σ_kl=m_cu+m_mg=12,4g

n\(H_2\) = \(\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\)=0,25 (mol)

ta có PTHH:

1) Mg + 2HCl → Mg\(Cl_2\)+ \(H_2\)

0,25 ←------------------------0,25 (mol)

⇒ mMg = n.M= 0,25. 24 = 6 (gam)

2) Cu + HCl → ko pứ (Cu hoạt động yếu hơn (H) )

⇒ Cu là chất rắn ko tan

Ta có PTHH:

3) Cu +2 \(H_2\)\(SO_4\)→ Cu\(SO_4\)+2 \(H_2\)O + S\(O_2\)↑

0,1 ←--------------------------------------- 0,1 (mol)

nS\(O_2\)= \(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}\)= 0,1 (mol)

\(m_{Cu}\)= \(n_{Cu}\).\(M_{Cu}\)= 0,1.64= 6.4 (gam)

⇒\(m_A\)=\(m_{Mg}\)+\(m_{Cu}\)= 6+6,4 = 12,4 (gam)

Vậy hỗn hợp A có khối lượng 12,4 gam

\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)

a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

   x           2x            x             x

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

y            3y          y             1,5y

Ta có hệ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)

b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)

\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{V_{SO_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\\n_{Cu}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24x\\m_{Cu}=64y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Mg+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\) 

 x           2x                               x                  ( mol )

\(Cu+2H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)

 y            2x                              y                   ( mol )

Ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+64y=4,4\\x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,05.64=3,2\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}.M_{H_2SO_4}=\left(2.0,05+2.0,05\right).98=0,2.98=19,6g\)

a) Gọi số mol của Mg là x, của Al là y \(\left(x,y>0\right)\)

Ta có: \(24x+27y=7,8\) (*) 

PTHH: 

\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\) (1)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\) (2)

 \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}y\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,4\) (**) 

Từ (*) và (**) ta có hệ: 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=7,8\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)

Giải hệ ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,2\cdot100}{7,8}\approx69\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=100\%-69\%=21\%\)

b) \(n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Tổng khối lượng muối là:

\(m_{MgSO_4}+m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot120+0,1\cdot342=46,2\)

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