\(\text{8(a+b+c)^3-(a+b)^3-(b+c)^3-(c+a)^3}\)
1. CMR: ∀ n∈\(N^{\cdot}\)
a) \(A=5^n+2.3^{n-1}+1\text{⋮}8\)
b) \(B=3^{n+2}+4^{2n+1}\text{⋮}13\)
c) \(C=6^{2n}+3^{n+2}+3^n\text{⋮}11\)
d) \(D=1^n+2^n+5^n+8^n\text{⋮}8\)
2. \(CMR:\) \(1^{2002}+2^{2002}+...+2002^{2002}\text{⋮}11\)
3. a) cho a,b ∈Z, t/m:\(a^2+b^2\text{⋮}7\). \(CMR:a\text{⋮}7;b\text{⋮}7\)
b) \(CMR:\) Nếu \(a^2+b^2\text{⋮}21\) thì \(a^2+b^2\text{⋮}441\) (a,b ∈Z)
\(1,\)
\(a,\) Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow5+2\cdot1+1=8⋮8\left(đúng\right)\)
Giả sử \(n=k\left(k\ge1\right)\Leftrightarrow5^k+2\cdot3^{k-1}+1⋮8\)
Với \(n=k+1\)
\(5^n+2\cdot3^{n-1}+1=5^{k+1}+2\cdot3^k+1\\ =5^k\cdot5+2\cdot3^k+1\\ =5^k\cdot2+2\cdot3^k+5^k\cdot3+1\\ =2\left(5^k+3^k\right)+5^k+2\cdot5^{k-1}+1+2\cdot3^{k-1}-2\cdot3^{k-1}\\ =2\left(5^k+3^k\right)+\left(5^k+2\cdot3^{k-1}+1\right)-2\left(3^{k-1}+5^{k-1}\right)\)
Vì \(5^k+3^k⋮\left(5+3\right)=8;5^{k-1}+3^{k-1}⋮\left(5+3\right)=8;5^k+2\cdot3^{k-1}+1⋮8\) nên \(5^{k+1}+2\cdot3^k+1⋮8\)
Theo pp quy nạp ta được đpcm
\(b,\) Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow3^3+4^3=91⋮13\left(đúng\right)\)
Giả sử \(n=k\left(k\ge1\right)\Leftrightarrow3^{k+2}+4^{2k+1}⋮13\)
Với \(n=k+1\)
\(3^{n+2}+4^{2n+1}=3^{k+3}+4^{2k+3}\\ =3^{k+2}\cdot3+16\cdot4^{2k+1}\\ =3^{k+2}\cdot3+3\cdot4^{2k+1}+13\cdot4^{2k+1}\\ =3\left(3^{k+2}+4^{2k+1}\right)+13\cdot4^{2k+1}\)
Vì \(3^{k+2}+4^{2k+1}⋮13;13\cdot4^{2k+1}⋮13\) nên \(3^{k+3}+4^{2k+3}⋮13\)
Theo pp quy nạp ta được đpcm
\(1,\)
\(c,C=6^{2n}+3^{n+2}+3^n\\ C=36^n+3^n\cdot9+3^n\\ C=\left(36^n-3^n\right)+\left(3^n\cdot9+2\cdot3^n\right)\\ C=\left(36^n-3^n\right)+3^n\cdot11\)
Vì \(36^n-3^n⋮\left(36-3\right)=33⋮11;3^n\cdot11⋮11\) nên \(C⋮11\)
\(d,D=1^n+2^n+5^n+8^n\)
Vì \(1^n+2^n+5^n⋮\left(1+2+5\right)=8;8^n⋮8\) nên \(D⋮8\)
\(2,\)
Ta thấy:\(1+2+...+2002=\left(2002+1\right)\left(2002-1+1\right):2=2003\cdot2002:2⋮11\left(2002⋮11\right)\)
Do đó \(1^{2002}+2^{2002}+...+2002^{2002}⋮1+2+...+2002⋮11\)
Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử :
a/ (a+b+c)3 - (a+b-c)3 - (b+c-a)3 - (c+a-b)3
b/ 8(x+y+z)3 - (x+y)3 - (y+z)3 +(z+x)3
CMR:
a/\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\text{ab}+bc+c\text{a}\)
b/\(3\left(\text{a}b+bc+c\text{a}\right)\le\left(\text{a}+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(\text{a}^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
c/\(\text{a}^3+b^3\ge\text{a}b\left(\text{a}+b\right)\)
a) \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng )
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
+) vế 1 bđt \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)( CMTT câu a )
+) vế 2 bđt \(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)( CMTT câu a )
Từ đây ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
c) \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+b^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng )
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
Cho \(a^2+b^2+c^2=a^3+b^3+c^3=1\)
Tính S=\(\text{a}^{\text{2}}\)\(+b^{2012}\)\(+c^{2013}\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|a\right|\text{≤}1\\\left|b\right|\text{≤}1\\\left|c\right|\text{≤}1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=a^3+b^3+c^3=1\)
⇒ \(a^2\left(1-a\right)+b^2\left(1-b\right)+c^2\left(1-c\right)=0\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-a\text{≥}0\\1-b\text{≥}0\\1-c\text{≥}0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(a^2\left(1-a\right)+b^2\left(1-b\right)+c^2\left(1-c\right)\text{≥}0\)
Dấu "=" ⇔ 1 số bằng 1 và 2 số còn lại bằng 0
⇒ \(S=1\)
\(\text{a(b^3-c^3)+b(c^3-a^3)+c(a^3-b^3)}\)
DÙNG HẰNG ĐẲNG THỨC CUỐI CÙNG MÀ TÍNH SAU ĐÓ NHÂN ĐƠN THỨC VỚI ĐA THỨC
Bài 209. Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
a) A = (3x + 1)2 - 2(3x + 1)(3x + 5) + (5x + 5)2;
b) B = (3 + 1)(32 + 1)(34 + 1)(38 + 1)(318 + 1)(332 + 1);
c) C = (a + b - c)2 + (a - b + c)2 - 2(b - c)2;
d) D = (a + b + c)2 + (a - b - c)2 + (b - c - a)2+ (c - b - a)2; E = (a + b + c + d)2 + (a + b - c - d)2 + (a + c - b - d)2 + (a + d - b - c)2;
g) G = (a + b + c)3 - (b + c - a)3 - (a + c - b)3 + (a + b - c)3;
h) H = (a + b)3 + (b + c)3 + (c + a)3 - 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a).
Bài 209 : đăng tách ra cho mn cùng làm nhé
a,sửa đề : \(A=\left(3x+1\right)^2-2\left(3x+1\right)\left(3x+5\right)+\left(3x+5\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x+1-3x-5\right)^2=\left(-4\right)^2=16\)
b, \(B=\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{32}+1\right)\)
\(2B=\left(3^2-1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{32}+1\right)=\left(3^{32}-1\right)\left(3^{32}+1\right)\)
\(2B=3^{64}-1\Rightarrow B=\frac{3^{64}-1}{2}\)
c, \(C=\left(a+b-c\right)^2+\left(a-b+c\right)^2-2\left(b-c\right)^2\)
\(=2\left(a-b+c\right)^2-2\left(b-c\right)^2=2\left[\left(a-b+c\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2\left(a-b+c-b+c\right)\left(a-b+c+b-c\right)=2a\left(a-2b+2c\right)\)
Bài 7. Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
a) A = (3x + 1)2 - 2(3x + 1)(3x + 5) + (5x + 5)2;
b) B = (3 + 1)(32 + 1)(34 + 1)(38 + 1)(318 + 1)(332 + 1);
c) C = (a + b - c)2 + (a - b + c)2 - 2(b - c)2;
d) D = (a + b + c)2 + (a - b - c)2 + (b - c - a)2+ (c - b - a)2; E = (a + b + c + d)2 + (a + b - c - d)2 + (a + c - b - d)2 + (a + d - b - c)2;
g) G = (a + b + c)3 - (b + c - a)3 - (a + c - b)3 + (a + b - c)3;
h) H = (a + b)3 + (b + c)3 + (c + a)3 - 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a).
phan tích nhan tử thanh nhan tử:
a)\(3x^2-12y^2\)
b)\(5xy^2-10xyt+5xt^2\)
c)\(x^3+3x^2+3x+1-27x^3\)
d)\(\text{a}^3x-\text{a}b+b-x\)
e)\(3x^2\left(\text{a}+b+c\right)+36xy\left(\text{a}+b+c\right)+108y^2\left(\text{a}+b+c\right)\)
f)\(\text{a}b\left(\text{a}-b\right)+bc\left(b-c\right)+c\text{a}\left(c-\text{a}\right)\)
g)\(\left(\text{a}+b+c\right)^3-\text{a}^3-b^3-c^3\)
h)\(4\text{a}^2b^2-\left(\text{a}^2+b^2-c^2\right)^2\)
Cho \(a,b,c\text{ }\ge0\) thỏa \(a+b+c=3\).Chứng minh:
\(3\le a\sqrt{b^3+1}+b\sqrt{c^3+1}+c\sqrt{a^3+1}\le5\)
Ta có:
\(b\ge0\Rightarrow b^3+1\ge1\Rightarrow a\sqrt{b^3+1}\ge a\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự: \(b\sqrt{c^3+1}\ge b\) ;\(c\sqrt{a^3+1}\ge c\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge a+b+c=3\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;3\right)\) và hoán vị
Lại có:
\(a\sqrt{b^3+1}=a\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}\le\dfrac{a\left(b^2+2\right)}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(b\sqrt{c^3+1}\le\dfrac{b\left(c^2+2\right)}{2}\) ; \(c\sqrt{a^3+1}\le\dfrac{c\left(a^2+2\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+a+b+c=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)+3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2+2abc\right)+3\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(Q=ab^2+bc^2+ca^2+2abc\le4\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(a=mid\left\{a;b;c\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow a^2+bc\le ab+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow ca^2+bc^2\le abc+ac^2\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le ab^2+ac^2+2abc=a\left(b+c\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}.2a\left(b+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\le\dfrac{1}{54}\left(2a+2b+2c\right)^3=4\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;2;0\right)\) và 1 số hoán vị của chúng