Lời giải:

Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=1-\frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+1-\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+1-\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}\)

\(\text{VT}=3-\underbrace{\left( \frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}\right)}_{N}\) (1)

Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm:

\(2ab^2+1=ab^2+ab^2+1\geq 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}\leq \frac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}}=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\)

Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế, suy ra :

\(N\leq \frac{2}{3}(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}+\sqrt[3]{bc^2}+\sqrt[3]{ca^2})\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\leq \frac{a+b+b}{3}\); \(\sqrt[3]{bc^2}\leq \frac{b+c+c}{3}; \sqrt[3]{ca^2}\leq \frac{c+a+a}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{a+b+b}{3}+\frac{b+c+c}{3}+\frac{c+a+a}{3}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow N\leq \frac{2}{3}(a+b+c)=2\) (2)

Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 1\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Áp dụng BĐT B.C.S ta có :

\(\dfrac{1}{2ab^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2bc^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2ca^2+1}\ge\dfrac{9}{2ab^2+2bc^2+2ca^2+3}\)

Ta phải chứng minh \(\dfrac{9}{2ab^2+2bc^2+2ca^2+3}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2ab^2+2bc^2+2ac^2+3\le9\) do a,b,c dương nên chia cả hai vế cho abc ta được: \(2\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{3}{abc}\le\dfrac{9}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6\le\dfrac{6}{abc}\Leftrightarrow abc\le1\) Bất đẳng thức cuối luôn đúng thật vậy:

áp dụng BĐT AM - GM :

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Leftrightarrow abc\le1\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

Ta có:

\(\text{VT}=1-\frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+1-\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+1-\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}\)

\(\text{VT}=3-\underbrace{\left( \frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2} {2ca^2+1}\right)}_{N}\) (1)

Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm:

\(2ab^2+1=ab^2+ab^2+1\geq 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}\leq \frac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}}=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\)

Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế, suy ra :

\(N\leq \frac{2}{3}(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}+\sqrt[3]{bc^2}+\sqrt[3]{ca^2})\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\leq \frac{a+b+b}{3}\); \(\sqrt[3]{bc^2}\leq \frac{b+c+c}{3}; \sqrt[3]{ca^2}\leq \frac{c+a+a}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{a+b+b}{3}+\frac{b+c+c}{3}+\frac{c+a+a}{3}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{a+b+b}{3}+\frac{b+c+c}{3}+\frac{c+a+a}{3}\right)\) (2)

Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 1\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si cho hai số dương ta có:

(a2 + b2) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2ab + 2bc + 2ca

=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca) (1) (a2 + 1) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2a + 2b + 2c

=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 3 ≥ 2(a + b + c) (2)

Cộng các vế của (1) và (2) ta có:

3 ( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca + a + b + c)

=> 3( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 12 => a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3.

Ta có: (a^3/b + ab ) + ( b^3/c + bc ) + ( c^3/a + ca)≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2) (CÔ SI) 

<=>a^3/b + b^3/c + c^3/a +ab + bc + ac  ≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2)

Vì a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ab + bc + ca => a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ≥ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3 (đpcm).

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si cho hai số dương ta có:

\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (1)

\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2a+2b+2c\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)

Cộng (1) với (2)

\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge12\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)

Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\right)+\left(\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ca\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ca\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

Vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\) (đpcm).

Xét BĐT phụ: `a^2+b^2+c^2>=ab+bc+ca(**)`

`BĐT(**)<=>1/2[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2]>=0AAa;b;c` xảy ra dấu "=" khi `a=b=c`

Từ `BĐT(**)` cộng hai vế với `2(ab+bc+ca)` ta có `(a+b+c)^2>=3(ab+bc+ca)<=>(a+b+c)^2/3>=ab+bc+ca`

-----

Ta có `6=a+b+c+ab+bc+ca<=a+b+c+(a+b+c)^2/3=t^2/3+t(t=a+b+c>0)`

`=>t^2/3+t-6>=0=>t>=3` hay `a+b+c>=3`

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:

`a^3/b+b^3/c+c^3/a=a^4/(a)+b^4/(bc)+c^4/ca>=(a^2+b^2+c^2)/(ab+bc+ca)>=a^2+b^2+c^2>=(a+b+c)^2/3=3`

Dấu BĐT bị ngược, sửa đề: \(\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^4+2ab^4}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^4+2a^2b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\).

Đặt \(b^2=x\left(x>0\right)\Rightarrow a+x=2ax\).

Khi đó ta cần chứng minh:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^4+x^2+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+x^4+2a^2x}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^4+x^2+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+x^4+2a^2x}\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{2a^2x+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ax^2+2a^2x}\)

\(=\dfrac{2}{2ax\left(a+x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{ax\left(a+x\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2a^2x^2}\)

Ta thấy: \(a+x\ge2\sqrt{ax}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2ax\ge2\sqrt{ax}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ax-\sqrt{ax}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ax}\left(\sqrt{ax}-1\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ax}\ge1\)

\(\Rightarrow ax\ge1\)

Khi đó: \(\dfrac{1}{2a^2x^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^4+x^2+2ax^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+x^4+2a^2x}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Hay \(\dfrac{1}{a^4+b^4+2ab^4}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^4+2a^2b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\).

Ta có kết quả tổng quát hơn như sau:

Cho $a,b,c \neq 0$ thỏa mãn $\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0.$

Chứng minh rằng $$S={\frac {k{a}^{2}-k-1}{{a}^{2}+2\,bc}}+{\frac {{b}^{2}k-k-1}{2\,ac+{b}^{2}}}+{\frac {{c}^{2}k-k-1}{2\,ab+{c}^{2}}}=k$$

Bài 1:

\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\Leftrightarrow bc=-ab-ac\)

\(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ab-ac}=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)

CMTT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2ca}=\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(M=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=1\)

Bài 2:

\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3\right)+c^3-3abc-3a^2b-3ab^2\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)c+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)(do \(a+b+c=0\))

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{0}{\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3}=0\)