Ta thấy 
72
=
2
3
.
3
2
72=2 
3
 .3 
2
  nên a, b có dạng 
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2
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=
2
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.
3
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{ 
a=2 
x
 3 
y
 
b=2 
z
 .3 
t
 
​
  với 
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,
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∈
N
x,y,z,t∈N và 
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=
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;
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{
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max{x,z}=3;max{y,t}=2. 

 Theo đề bài, ta có 
2
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.
3
�
+
2
�
.
3
�
=
42
2 
x
 .3 
y
 +2 
z
 .3 
t
 =42

 
⇔
2
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1
.
3
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−
1
+
2
�
−
1
3
�
−
1
=
7
⇔2 
x−1
 .3 
y−1
 +2 
z−1
 3 
t−1
 =7   (*), do đó 
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,
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,
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1
x,y,z,t≥1

 TH1: 
�
≥
�
,
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≤
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x≥z,y≤t. Khi đó 
�
=
3
,
�
=
2
x=3,t=2. (*) thành:

 
4.
3
�
−
1
+
3.
2
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−
1
=
7
4.3 
y−1
 +3.2 
z−1
 =7 
⇔
�
=
�
=
1
⇔y=z=1

 Vậy 
{
�
=
24
�
=
18
{ 
a=24
b=18
​
  (nhận)

 TH2: KMTQ thì giả sử 
�
≥
�
,
�
≥
�
x≥z,y≥t. Khi đó 
�
=
3
,
�
=
2
x=3,z=2. (*) thành 

 
4.
3
�
−
1
+
2.
3
�
−
1
=
7
4.3 
y−1
 +2.3 
t−1
 =7, điều này là vô lí.

 Vậy 
(
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,
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)
=
(
24
,
18
)
(a,b)=(24,18) hay 
(
18
,
24
)
(18,24) là cặp số duy nhất thỏa yêu cầu bài toán.

Bài này cũng dễ mà:

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si, ta có:

\(y+z+1\ge3\sqrt[3]{yz}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{y+z+1}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{yz}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}\ge\dfrac{3x}{y+z+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sum\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}\ge\sum\dfrac{3x}{y+z+1}\)

Mà \(\sum\dfrac{3x}{y+z+1}=\sum\dfrac{3x^2}{xy+xz+x}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy -Schwaz:

\(\sum\dfrac{3x^2}{xy+xz+x}\ge\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\)

Mà:

\(xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)(BĐT phụ)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\le2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=6\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhicopski:

\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=9\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\le3\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z\le6+3=9\)

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{3\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{9}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\left(ĐPCM\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)x=y=z=1

@Lightning Farron vào thể hiện đẳng cấp đi anh zai :))

Xem câu hỏi

Ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)

  \(=\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x+y}\cdot\dfrac{z}{x+z}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}}{2}\)

Tương tự ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}}{2}\)

                         \(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)

Cộng vế với vế ta có:

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\)

\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y+z}{y+z}+\dfrac{z+x}{z+x}}{2}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{\sqrt{2017}}{\sqrt{3}}\)

Có \(VT=\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^3-xyz+2013y}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^3-xyz+2013z}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\) 

(vì \(2013=3.671=3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\))

\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)

ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2-yz+2013}=\dfrac{1}{y^2-zx+2013}=\dfrac{1}{z^2-xy+2013}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-yz=y^2-zx=z^2-xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) (với \(x,y,z>0\))

Vậy ta có đpcm.

\(\dfrac{xy}{x+y}=\dfrac{yz}{y+z}=\dfrac{zx}{z+x}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{y+z}{yz}=\dfrac{z+x}{zx}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{z}\\ \Rightarrow x=y=z\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{x^2+x^2+x^2}{x^2+x^2+x^2}=1\)

\(T\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+x+y+z}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{2019}{2}\)

áp dụng BĐT:\(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\) với a,b,c,x,y,z là số dương

ta có BĐT Bunhiacopxki cho 3 bộ số:\(\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{x}};\sqrt{x}\right);\left(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{y}};\sqrt{y}\right);\left(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{z}};\sqrt{z}\right)\)

ta có :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\left(x+y+z\right)\)\(=\left[\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\).\(\left[\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}\right)^2\right]\)\(\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{x}}.\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{y}}.\sqrt{y}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{z}}.\sqrt{z}\right)^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)

lúc đó ta có :\(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)

ta có \(T=\dfrac{x^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+\sqrt{zx}}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+\sqrt{xy}}\)\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+\sqrt{yz}+y+\sqrt{zx}+z+\sqrt{xy}}\) mà ta có :

\(\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}+\sqrt{xy}\)\(\le\dfrac{x+y}{2}+\dfrac{x+z}{2}+\dfrac{z+y}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}+\sqrt{xy}\le x+y+z\)

\(\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{2019}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=673\)

vậy \(\text{MinT}=\dfrac{2019}{2}\) khi và chỉ khi x=y=z=673

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\dfrac{x^4}{y+3z}+\dfrac{y+3z}{16}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{x^4}{y+3z}\cdot\dfrac{y+3z}{16}\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}}=x\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^4}{y+3z}\ge x-\dfrac{y+3z}{16}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại:

\(\dfrac{y^4}{z+3x}\ge y-\dfrac{z+3x}{16}-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{z^4}{x+3y}\ge z-\dfrac{x+3y}{16}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot3-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

Cách khác:

\(\dfrac{x^4}{y+3z}+\dfrac{y^4}{z+3x}+\dfrac{z^4}{x+3y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{4.\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^3}}{4\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^3}}{4\sqrt{3}}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

có vẻ khó :v

Ta có \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow1+x^3+y^3\ge xyz+xy\left(x+y+z\right)=xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)

Tương tự ta có

\(VT\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}}{xy}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}}{yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{zx\left(x+y+z\right)}}{zx}\)

\(=\sqrt{x+y+z}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\right)\)

\(=\sqrt{x+y+z}.\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)

\(\ge\sqrt{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}.\dfrac{3\sqrt[6]{xyz}}{1}=3\sqrt{3}\)

\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)