Lời giải:

Theo đề ta có: $\overrightarrow{BM}=2\overrightarrow{MC}=-2\overrightarrow{CM}$

$\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BM}(1)$

$=\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{CM}$

$\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}$

$\Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow{AM}=2\overrightarrow{AC}+2\overrightarrow{CM}(2)$

Lấy $(1)+(2)\Rightarrow 3\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{AC}$

$\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}$

Hình vẽ:

a) \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CI}=\overrightarrow{BC}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{CA}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BA}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\).
b) Có \(\overrightarrow{BJ}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{BI}\).
Vì vậy 3 điểm B, I, J thẳng hàng.
c)
Trên cạnh AC lấy điểm K sao cho \(\overrightarrow{AK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
Tại điểm K dựng điểm T sao cho \(\overrightarrow{KT}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}\).
\(\overrightarrow{BJ}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\overrightarrow{KT}=\overrightarrow{AT}\).
Dựng điểm T sao cho \(\overrightarrow{BJ}=\overrightarrow{AT}\).


 

MN là đường trung bình của tam giác ABC 

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Từ giả thiết:

\(\overrightarrow{KM}=-2\overrightarrow{KN}=-2\left(\overrightarrow{KM}+\overrightarrow{MN}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow3\overrightarrow{KM}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KM}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{NM}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MK}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{MN}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

M là trung điểm AB \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

Do đó:

\(\overrightarrow{AK}=\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{MK}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{1}{6}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

a: CI+BI=CB

=>\(\dfrac{3}{2}BI+BI=CB\)

=>\(\dfrac{5}{2}BI=CB\)

=>\(BI=\dfrac{2}{5}BC\)

=>\(CI=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot BI=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}CB=\dfrac{3}{5}CB\)

\(\overrightarrow{AI}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BI}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

JB=2/5JC mà J không nằm trong đoạn thẳng BC

nên B nằm giữa J và C

=>JB+BC=JC

=>\(BC+\dfrac{2}{5}JC=JC\)

=>\(BC=\dfrac{3}{5}JC\)

\(\dfrac{JB}{BC}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{5}JC}{\dfrac{3}{5}JC}=\dfrac{2}{5}:\dfrac{3}{5}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

=>\(JB=\dfrac{2}{3}BC\)

\(\overrightarrow{AJ}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BJ}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

b:

Gọi giao điểm của AG với BC là M

G là trọng tâm của ΔABC

nên AG cắt BC tại trung điểm M của BC

=>\(AG=\dfrac{2}{3}AM\)

Xét ΔABC có AM là trung tuyến

nên \(\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)

=>\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Đặt \(\overrightarrow{AG}=x\cdot\overrightarrow{AI}+y\cdot\overrightarrow{AJ}\)

\(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC};\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{3}{5}\cdot\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC};\overrightarrow{AJ}=\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\overrightarrow{AC}\)

Ta có hệ phương trình sau:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{3}=x\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}\\\dfrac{1}{3}=x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\cdot\dfrac{3}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}+y\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9x+25y=5\\6x-10y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}18x+50y=10\\18x-30y=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80y=-5\\6x-10y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{16}\\6x=10y+5=-\dfrac{5}{8}+5=\dfrac{35}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{16}\\x=\dfrac{35}{48}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(\overrightarrow{AG}=\dfrac{35}{48}\overrightarrow{AI}-\dfrac{1}{16}\overrightarrow{AJ}\)

a)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}-\overrightarrow{BA}\right)\)

\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}\)

\(=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)

b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BI}\)

=> B,K,I thẳng hàng

c) \(27\overrightarrow{MA}-8\overrightarrow{MB}=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow27\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)-8\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow27\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{MC}-8\overrightarrow{CB}-2015\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-1996\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1996\overrightarrow{CM}=8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)

Vậy: Dựng điểm M sao cho \(\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)

a)  Theo quy tắc hình bình hành ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {AC} \)

 \( \Rightarrow |\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD} |\; = \;|\overrightarrow {AC} |\)

Vậy mệnh đề này đúng.

b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {BD}  = \overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {BC}  \ne \overrightarrow {CB} \)

Vậy mệnh đề này sai.

c) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {OA}  + \overrightarrow {OB}  = \overrightarrow {OC}  + \overrightarrow {OD} \)\( \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {OA}  - \overrightarrow {OD}  + \overrightarrow {OB}  - \overrightarrow {OC} =  \overrightarrow {0} \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {DA}  + \overrightarrow {CB} =\overrightarrow {0}\Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {CB} =\overrightarrow {0} \)

Vậy mệnh đề này sai.

1.

Dựng \(\overrightarrow{DB'}=\overrightarrow{CB}\)

\(k\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{DB}\)

\(=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(=2\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{B'D}+\overrightarrow{DA}\)

\(=2\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{B'A}\)

\(=2\overrightarrow{AB}+2\overrightarrow{AB}=4\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(\Rightarrow k=4\)

Gọi M là trung điểm IB

\(\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}\right|=\left|2\overrightarrow{AM}\right|=2AM\)

Ta có \(\overrightarrow{AM}^2=\left(\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}\right)^2=MI^2+IA^2-2MI.IA.cos90^o=\dfrac{1}{16}a^2+\dfrac{3}{4}a^2=\dfrac{13}{16}a^2\)

\(\Rightarrow AM=\dfrac{\sqrt{13}}{4}a\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}\right|=\dfrac{\sqrt{13}}{2}a\)