\(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)\Rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2+z^2=3\\0\le x;y;z\le\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=x^2y+y^2z+z^2x-xyz\)

Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x=mid\left\{x;y;z\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow x^2+yz\le xy+xz\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2y+y^2z\le xy^2+xyz\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le xy^2+z^2x+xyz-xyz=x\left(y^2+z^2\right)=x\left(3-x^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le2-\left(x^3-3x+2\right)=2-\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+2\right)\le2\)

\(P_{max}=2\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;1;1\right)\) hoặc \(\left(1;0;2\right)\) và một vài hoán vị

Ta sẽ chứng minh BĐT sau: a^2+b^2+c^2>=ab+ac+bc với mọi a,b,c

\(a^2+b^2+c^2>=ab+bc+ac\)

=>\(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2>=2ab+2bc+2ac\)

=>\(a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+a^2-2ac+c^2>=0\)

=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)

a: ab+ac+bc>=3

mà a^2+b^2+c^2>=ab+ac+bc(CMT)

nên a^2+b^2+c^2>=3

Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1

Khi a=b=c=1 thì A=1+1+1+10=13

b: a^2+b^2+c^2<=8

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a^2=b^2=c^2=\dfrac{8}{3}\)

=>\(a=b=c=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{6}}{3}\)

Khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2\sqrt{6}}{3}\) thì \(B=\dfrac{2\sqrt{6}}{3}\cdot3-5=2\sqrt{6}-5\)

\(a^2+ab+b^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)

Tương tự, ta có:

\(M\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b\right)+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(c+a\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=3\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Với x;y dương, ta có BĐT:

\(x^5+y^5\ge x^2y^2\left(x+y\right)\)

Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:

\(x^5-x^4y+y^5-xy^4\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^4\left(x-y\right)-y^4\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Áp dụng:

\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{ab}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)+ab}+\dfrac{bc}{b^2c^2\left(b+c\right)+bc}+\dfrac{ca}{c^2a^2\left(c+a\right)+ca}\)

\(A\le\dfrac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{bc\left(b+c\right)+1}+\dfrac{1}{ca\left(c+a\right)+1}\)

\(A\le\dfrac{abc}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}+\dfrac{abc}{bc\left(b+c\right)+abc}+\dfrac{abc}{ca\left(c+a\right)+abc}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}=1\)

Với mọi a;b dương ta có:

\(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right).\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.2ab.\left(a^2+b^2\right)=ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)

Và: \(a^3+b^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(2ab-ab\right)=ab\left(a+b\right)\)

Do đó:

\(A\le\sum\dfrac{ab}{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+ab}+2020=\sum\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}+2020\)

Đặt \(\left(a^2;b^2;c^2\right)=\left(x^3;y^3;z^3\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)

\(\Rightarrow A\le\sum\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}+2020\le\sum\dfrac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+1}+2020\)

\(A\le\sum\dfrac{xyz}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}+2020=\sum\dfrac{z}{x+y+z}+2020=1+2020=2021\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)