Câu hỏi của Giao Khánh Linh - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath

1/ \(\dfrac{5}{3}\le x\le\dfrac{7}{3}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3x-5}=a>0\\\sqrt{7-3x}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=2\\17-6x=2b^2+3\\6x-7=2a^2+3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác theo BĐT Bunhiacốpxki:

\(a+b=\sqrt{3x-5}+\sqrt{7-3x}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)\left(3x-5+7-3x\right)}=2\)

\(\Rightarrow0< a+b\le2\)

Ta được hệ pt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=2\\\left(2b^2+3\right).a+\left(2a^2+3\right)b=2+8ab\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=2\\2ab^2+3a+2a^2b+3b-8ab-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2ab=\left(a+b\right)^2-2\\2ab\left(a+b\right)+3\left(a+b\right)-8ab-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-2\right)\left(a+b\right)+3\left(a+b\right)-4\left(a+b\right)^2+6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-4\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)+6=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-1< 0\left(l\right)\\a+b=2\\a+b=3>2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b=2\) , dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:

\(3x-5=7-3x\Rightarrow x=2\)

Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=2\)

2/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm2\)

\(\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}\right)^2+4\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{15}{x^2-4}+5\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}\right)^2+4\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)^2-5.\left(\dfrac{x^2-1}{x^2-4}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{x^2-1}{x^2-4}\right)-4\left[\left(\dfrac{x^2-1}{x^2-4}\right)-\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)^2\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}\right)\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}-\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)-4\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}-\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}-\dfrac{4\left(x+1\right)}{x-2}\right)\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}-\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}=\dfrac{4\left(x+1\right)}{x-2}\\\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}=\dfrac{x+1}{x-2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-3x+2=4\left(x^2+3x+2\right)\\x^2-3x+2=x^2+3x+2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+15x+6=0\\6x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{-5+\sqrt{17}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-5-\sqrt{17}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\sqrt{\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}}=-\dfrac{1}{2}x^3+\dfrac{15}{2}x-11\left(1\right)\)

Đk: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>1\\x\le-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow-2\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\sqrt{\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}}=x^3-15x+22\)

\(\Rightarrow-2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}.\left(x-2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x-11\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(nhận\right)\\-2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}=x^2+2x-11\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}=\left(x^2+2x-3\right)-8\)

Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}\left(a\ge0\right)\). Từ phương trình (2) suy ra:

\(a^2+2a-8=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\left(nhận\right)\\a=-4\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}=2\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1+2\sqrt{2}\left(nhận\right)\\x=-1-2\sqrt{2}\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thử lại ta có \(x=2\) và \(x=-1+2\sqrt{2}\) là 2 nghiệm của phương trình (1).

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}}=-x^3+15x-22\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}}{x-1}=-x^3+2x^2-2x^2+4x+11x-22\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-2\right)\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\left(x-2\right)\left(-x^2-2x+11\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\sqrt{4\left(x^2+2x-3\right)}+x^2+2x-11\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\left(1\right)\\2\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}+x^2+2x-11=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

(1) =>x=2

(2): Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}=a\left(a>=0\right)\)

=>2a+a^2-8=0

=>(a+4)(a-2)=0

=>a=2

=>x^2+2x-3=4

=>x^2+2x-7=0

=>\(x=-1\pm2\sqrt{2}\)

đặt 2 cái căn là a,b,,  sau đó đưa về hpt

Bài 2: 

a: Ta có: \(\sqrt{\sqrt{5}-x\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{8+2\sqrt{15}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5}-x\sqrt{3}=8+2\sqrt{15}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{5}-8-2\sqrt{15}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\sqrt{15}-8\sqrt{3}-6\sqrt{5}}{3}\)

b: Ta có: \(\sqrt{2+\sqrt{\sqrt{x}+3}}=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\sqrt{x}+3}=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=46\)

hay x=2116

\(\frac{-1}{3}\le x\le6\\ \sqrt[]{3x+1}-4-\left(\sqrt[]{6-x}-1\right)+3x^2-14x-5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\frac{3x-15}{\sqrt[]{3x+1}+4}+\frac{x-5}{\sqrt[]{6-x+1}}+\left(x-5\right)\left(3x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt[]{3x+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt[]{6-x}+1}+3x-1\right)=0\)

do\(x\ge\frac{-1}{3}\Rightarrow3x+1\ge0\\ \frac{3}{\sqrt[]{3x+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt[]{6-x}+1}+3x-1>0\\ \Rightarrow x=5\)

Làm cách kia cx đc, nhưng làm vậy ko thông minh lắm.

\(Đk:x\ge-2\)

\(3\sqrt{x^3+8}=2x^2-3x+10\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}=2x^2-3x+10\)

Ta đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\sqrt{x+2}\left(u\ge0\right)\\v=\sqrt{x^2-2x+4}\left(v\ge2\sqrt{3}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khi đó phương trình trở thành:

\(3uv=2v^2+u^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2v^2-3uv+u^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2v^2-2uv-uv+u^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2v\left(v-u\right)-u\left(v-u\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(v-u\right)\left(2v-u\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}v=u\\2v=u\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(v=u\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-2x+4}=\sqrt{x+2}\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x+4=x+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-2x+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(nhận\right)\\x=2\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Với \(2v=u\Rightarrow2\sqrt{x^2-2x+4}=\sqrt{x+2}\)

\(\Rightarrow4\left(x^2-2x+4\right)=x+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-8x+16=x+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-9x+14=0\)

\(\Delta=\left(-9\right)^2-4.4.14=-143< 0\)

\(\Rightarrow\)Phương trình vô nghiệm.

Vậy phương trình đã cho có tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{1;2\right\}\)

\(3\sqrt{x^3+8}=2x^2-3x+10\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}=2x^2-3x+10\left(1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)=\left(2x^2-3x+10\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x^3-2x^2+4x+2x^2-4x+8\right)=4x^4-6x^3+9x^2-30x+20x^2-30x+100\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9x^3-18x^2+36x+18x^2-36x+72-4x^4+6x^3-20x^2+6x^3-9x^2+30x-20x^2+30x-100=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-4x^4+21x^3-49x^2+60x-28=0\left(2\right)\)

Nhận thấy, \(x=1\) và \(x=2\) là nghiệm của phương trình \(\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(-4x^2+9x-14\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-2=0\\-4x^2+9x-14=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\\\left(x-\dfrac{9}{8}\right)^2=-\dfrac{143}{16}\left(\text{vô lí}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thử lại nghiệm \(x=1;x=2\) vào phương trình \(\left(1\right)\) thấy nghiệm \(x=2\) thỏa mãn.

mik mới học lớp 8 thôi sorry nha