D là số nguyên khi \(\sqrt{x}\) - 1 là số nguyên .

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ_3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\in\left\{1;3;-1;-3\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{2;4;0;-2\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{\sqrt{2};2;0\right\}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{;2;0\right\}\)

Vậy x = 2 ; x = 0

a: \(P=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}-1-\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}\cdot\dfrac{4\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\cdot4\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt{x}\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{4}{x-1}\)

Để P nguyên dương thì x-1 thuộc {1;4;2}

=>x thuộc {2;5;3}

b: x+y+z=0

=>x=-y-z; y=-x-z; z=-x-y

\(P=\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+z^2-\left(y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{z^2+x^2-\left(x+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{x^2+y^2-\left(x+y\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^2}{-2yz}+\dfrac{y^2}{-2xz}+\dfrac{z^2}{-2xy}\)

\(=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{2xyz}\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

\(=-\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)}{2xyz}\)

\(=-\dfrac{\left(-z\right)^3+z^3-3xy\cdot\left(-z\right)}{2xyz}=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

x-3=k^2

x=k^2+3

x+1-k=t^2

k^2+4-k=t^2

(2k-1)^2+15=4t^2

(2k-1-2t)(2k-1+2t)=-15=-1.15=-3*5

---giải phương trình nghiệm nguyên với k,t---

TH1. [2(k-t)-1][2(k+t)-1]=-1.15

2(k-t)-1=-1=> k=t

4t-1=15=>t=4    nghiệm (-4) loại luôn

với k=4=> x=19 thử lại B=căn (19+1-can(19-3))=can(20-4)=4 nhận

TH2. mà có bắt tìm hết đâu

x=19 ok rồi

ô hay vừa giải xong mà

x=k^2+3

với k là nghiệm nguyên của phương trình

k^2-k+4=t^2

bắt tìm hết hạy chỉ một

x=19 là một nghiệm 

a ) \(ĐKXĐ:x\ge0;x\ne1\)

= \(\frac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{x+1}:\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right]-1\)

\(=\frac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{x+1}:\frac{x+1-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-1\)

\(=\frac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{x+1}:\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-1\)

\(=\frac{\left(x+1+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-1\)

\(=\frac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}-1=\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

B ) Ta có :

 \(Q=P-\sqrt{x}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\sqrt{x}\)

\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+3}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1+\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

Đế Q nhận giá trị nguyên thì \(1+\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\left(vì1\in Z\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(3\right)\)

Ta có bảng sau :

Vậy để biểu thức \(Q=P-\sqrt{x}\) nhận giá trị nguyên thì \(x\in\left\{16;4;0\right\}\)


 

\(A=\left(\dfrac{x+2}{x\sqrt{x}-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}+\dfrac{1}{1-\sqrt{x}}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-1}{2}\left(đk:x\ge0,x\ne1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{x+2+\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2.2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{2}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)

Để A nguyên thì: \(x+\sqrt{x}+1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)

Mà \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=\left(x+\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}>0\)

\(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x}+1\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)

+ Với \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\left(tm\right)\left(do.\sqrt{x}+1\ge1>0\right)\)

+ Với \(x+\sqrt{x}+1=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\\\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\\\sqrt{x}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}\left(VLý\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy \(S=\left\{1;\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right\}\)